A client tells the nurse that they are experiencing stabbing pain in the mouth, gums, teeth, and chin following brushing her teeth. These are symptoms of

diabetic neuropathy.

postherpetic neuralgia.

visceral pain.

trigeminal neuralgia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that occurs due to prolonged high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes. While diabetic neuropathy can cause pain, it's usually more generalized and affects extremities rather than specific areas like the mouth and teeth.
B.   Postherpetic neuralgia is a condition that occurs as a complication of shingles (herpes zoster). It involves persistent nerve pain in the area where the shingles rash occurred, typically affecting the skin. The pain is usually described as burning or aching rather than stabbing, and it is localized to the area previously affected by the rash.
C.   Visceral pain originates from the internal organs (viscera) and is typically described as a deep, aching, or cramping pain. It is often associated with conditions like gastrointestinal or gynecological issues.
D.   Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by sudden, severe, sharp, stabbing pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the face. The pain can be triggered by activities such as brushing teeth, talking, or touching the face.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This option describes wheezes, which are high-pitched continuous sounds often heard on both inspiration and expiration. Wheezes are commonly associated with asthma because they result from the narrowing of the airways, causing turbulent airflow.
B. This description refers to crackles (or rales), which are short, high-pitched sounds often heard on inspiration. Crackles are typically associated with conditions such as pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or other forms of pulmonary edema. They are not as specific to asthma as wheezes are.
C. This option describes rhonchi, which are low-pitched, continuous rattling sounds that may occur on both inspiration and expiration. Rhonchi are often associated with airway obstruction due to secretions or mucus and can be heard in conditions such as chronic bronchitis.
D. This option describes pleural friction rubs, which are low-pitched, grating sounds heard during both inhalation and exhalation. Pleural friction rubs occur when the pleural layers become inflamed and rub against each other.

A. The nurse should count the respirations in an unobtrusive manner without informing the client. B. The nurse should inform the client that they are preparing to count the client's respirations. C. The nurse should place a hand on the client's chest to count respirations. D. The nurse should count when the respirations are audible.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Counting respirations unobtrusively helps ensure the client does not alter their breathing pattern due to the awareness of being observed. This method is generally preferred because it provides a more accurate assessment of the client's normal respiratory rate.
B. If the client is informed that their respirations are being counted, they may unconsciously alter their breathing pattern due to nervousness or the desire to appear normal. This could result in an inaccurate assessment of their true respiratory rate.
C. Placing a hand on the client's chest can be helpful in assessing the depth and evenness of respirations. However, this method might cause the client to become aware of the assessment and could lead to a change in their breathing pattern.
D. Counting respirations only when they are audible can be problematic. Audible respirations are not always present and may not accurately reflect the client’s full respiratory rate. This method may miss periods of quiet breathing and thus provide an incomplete assessment of the respiratory rate.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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