A client with a family history of cardiac disease is seeking information to control risk factors. Which lifestyle modification is most important for the nurse to encourage?

Smoking cessation.

Low-fat diet.

Stress reduction.

Regular exercise.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Smoking cessation is the most important lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease. Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor that can cause atherosclerosis, hypertension, arrhythmias, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Quitting smoking has a more direct effect on improving the function and structure of the blood vessels and heart, significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.

Choice B rationale

A low-fat diet is a useful lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important one. While it helps in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing inflammation, smoking cessation has a stronger influence on overall cardiovascular health.

Choice C rationale

Stress reduction is a helpful lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important one. Although managing stress can improve heart health, smoking cessation has a more immediate and significant impact on reducing cardiovascular risks.

Choice D rationale

Regular exercise is beneficial for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important lifestyle modification. Exercise helps in maintaining a healthy weight, lowering blood pressure, and improving overall cardiovascular health, but smoking cessation has a greater impact on reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Identifying effective pain relief measures is important, but it does not directly assess the quality of the pain. This approach focuses on management rather than understanding the pain’s characteristics.

Choice B rationale

Asking the client to describe the pain is the most direct way to assess its quality. This allows the nurse to gather detailed information about the pain’s nature, intensity, and characteristics, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Choice C rationale

Providing a numeric pain scale helps quantify the pain’s intensity but does not provide qualitative details about the pain’s nature. It is useful for monitoring pain levels over time but not for initial assessment.

Choice D rationale

Observing body language and movement can give clues about pain but is subjective and less reliable than directly asking the client. It should be used as a supplementary method rather than the primary approach.

A. Place the vial with the remainder of the medication into a locked drawer. B. Withdraw the medication into a syringe and label it with the client’s name. C. Ask another nurse to witness the medication being discarded. D. Throw the vial into the trash in the presence of another nurse. E. Throw the vial into the trash in the presence of another nurse.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Placing the vial with the remainder of the medication into a locked drawer is not appropriate because it does not ensure proper documentation and accountability for the remaining medication. Controlled substances require strict documentation and disposal procedures.

Choice B rationale

Withdrawing the medication into a syringe and labeling it with the client’s name is not necessary and can lead to errors or contamination. The medication should not be stored for future use in this manner.

Choice C rationale

Asking another nurse to witness the medication being discarded is the correct action. This ensures proper documentation, accountability, and compliance with regulations for the disposal of unused or remaining medications, especially controlled substances.

Choice D rationale

Throwing the vial into the trash in the presence of another nurse is not appropriate. It does not ensure proper documentation, accountability, or safe disposal of the remaining medication.

Controlled substances require specific disposal procedures to prevent misuse or diversion.

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A client with a family history of cardiac disease is seeking information to control risk factors. Which lifestyle modification is most important for the nurse to encourage?

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