A client with acute renal failure is found to have elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. What is the primary reason for the increase in these markers in acute renal failure?
Enhanced filtration of waste products by the kidneys
Impaired filtration and excretion of waste products by the kidneys
Increased production of waste products by the liver
Decreased reabsorption of waste products by the renal tubules
The Correct Answer is B
A) Incorrect. In acute renal failure, there is impaired filtration and excretion of waste products by the kidneys, not enhanced filtration.
B) Correct. Elevated BUN and creatinine levels in acute renal failure result from the kidneys' reduced ability to filter and excrete waste products, leading to their accumulation in the blood.
C) Incorrect. The liver produces waste products like ammonia, but elevated BUN and creatinine levels are primarily related to kidney dysfunction, not increased production by the liver.
D) Incorrect. Decreased reabsorption of waste products by the renal tubules can contribute to elevated levels, but the primary issue in acute renal failure is impaired filtration and excretion.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Increased urine output and polyuria are not associated with uremia. In fact, acute renal failure often leads to decreased urine output (oliguria or anuria).
B) Incorrect. Hypertension and bradycardia are not typical manifestations of uremia.
C) Correct. Uremia is a condition characterized by the buildup of waste products and toxins in the blood due to impaired kidney function. Clinical manifestations of uremia include confusion (encephalopathy), nausea and vomiting, and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart).
D) Incorrect. Decreased respiratory rate and shallow breathing are not directly associated with uremia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Correct. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, especially in clients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. These medications may cause vasodilation and decrease blood flow to the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function.
B) Incorrect. Beta-blockers are not directly associated with prerenal acute renal failure.
C) Incorrect. Calcium channel blockers are not typically associated with prerenal acute renal failure.
D) Incorrect. Thiazide diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and metabolic disturbances, but they are not a common cause of prerenal acute renal failure.
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