A home health nurse is caring for a client who asks for information on how to get their children caught up with immunizations.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Advise the client to wait until their children start school to catch them up on their immunizations.
Contact the agency pharmacist to get a list of immunizations the children will need.
Inform the client that their children will need to restart the immunization series since they are behind.
Access the CDC website to obtain the recommended catch-up immunization schedule.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Advising a client to wait until their children start school to catch up on immunizations is scientifically incorrect and places the children at unnecessary risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. The goal of immunizations is to provide protection early in life, and delaying them increases the period of susceptibility. A catch-up schedule should be initiated as soon as possible to ensure timely immunity.
Choice B rationale
Contacting the agency pharmacist is not the most appropriate action for a nurse. While pharmacists are knowledgeable, the most reliable and scientifically validated source for immunization schedules and guidelines is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A nurse should use the most current and evidence-based information directly from the authoritative source to ensure accuracy and patient safety.
Choice C rationale
Informing the client that their children need to restart the entire immunization series is inaccurate information. The CDC's catch-up schedule clearly states that it is not necessary to restart a series if it has been interrupted. A nurse should provide accurate, evidence-based information, and restarting the series would be an unnecessary burden and potential waste of resources.
Choice D rationale
Accessing the CDC website is the most scientifically sound action. The CDC is the primary federal public health agency in the United States and maintains the official, evidence-based, and regularly updated immunization schedules, including specific guidelines for children who are behind. This action ensures the nurse provides accurate and current information to the client.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, but a vaccine is not yet available to prevent it. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected blood, such as through safe injection practices, sterile medical equipment, and screening of blood products. Therefore, it is not considered a vaccine-preventable disease in a public health context.
Choice B rationale
Botulism is a rare and serious paralytic illness caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. While there are treatments, including antitoxins, there is currently no vaccine available for routine use to prevent botulism in humans. Prevention focuses on proper food handling and avoiding contaminated sources.
Choice C rationale
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. While a vaccine for Lyme disease was once available, it was discontinued due to low demand and is not currently on the market. Prevention relies on avoiding tick bites.
Choice D rationale
Smallpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the variola virus, which was successfully eradicated globally in 1980 through a concerted vaccination effort. The smallpox vaccine was highly effective and played a critical role in its elimination. Therefore, smallpox is a classic and definitive example of a vaccine-preventable disease.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Chlamydia trachomatis infection can cause inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) and cervix (cervicitis). This inflammation can lead to dysuria, or painful urination, which is a common symptom in both male and female clients. The symptom typically subsides as the infection is resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Choice B rationale
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection, not a viral one. Therefore, it is treated with an antibiotic, not an antiviral medication. The typical duration of treatment is much shorter, usually a single dose or a 7-day course, not 30 days, which is an unnecessarily long treatment course for this infection.
Choice C rationale
Chlamydia is a highly transmissible sexually transmitted infection. It is a critical public health responsibility for the infected individual to notify their sexual partners from the past 2 months. This allows for prompt testing and treatment of partners, which is essential to prevent re-infection of the client and further community spread.
Choice D rationale
To prevent further transmission and re-infection, clients should be advised to abstain from sexual activity until both the client and their sexual partners have completed the full course of treatment and symptoms have resolved. This practice is crucial to interrupting the chain of infection and ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment.
Choice E rationale
Completing treatment for chlamydia does not confer acquired immunity. A client can be reinfected with chlamydia if they engage in unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner in the future. Therefore, ongoing safe sexual practices are necessary to prevent recurrence.
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