A medication is to infuse at 15 mcg/min. The solution available is 25 mg/100 mL. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number & fill in the blank with the numerical value only)
The Correct Answer is ["4"]
Desired dose rate = 15 mcg/min
- Convert the desired dose rate to mg/hr:
1000 mcg = 1 mg and 60 minutes = 1 hour.
Desired dose rate (mg/hr) = 15 mcg/min × (1 mg / 1000 mcg) × (60 min / 1 hr)
= (15 × 60) / 1000 mg/hr
= 900 / 1000 mg/hr
= 0.9 mg/hr
Available concentration = 25 mg / 100 mL
- Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr:
Flow rate (mL/hr) = Desired dose rate (mg/hr) / Concentration (mg/mL)
= 0.9 mg/hr / (25 mg / 100 mL)
= 0.9 mg/hr / 0.25 mg/mL
= 0.9 / 0.25 mL/hr
= 3.6 mL/hr
Round to the nearest whole number:
= 4 mL/hr
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Donepezil cures Alzheimer's disease: There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil does not halt or reverse the disease process; it only manages symptoms for a limited period in some patients.
B. Donepezil prevents the progression of Alzheimer’s disease: Donepezil does not prevent the neurodegenerative progression of Alzheimer’s. The disease will continue to advance despite treatment, although symptoms may be temporarily improved.
C. Donepezil reverses Alzheimer’s disease: Alzheimer's-related brain damage is irreversible, and Donepezil cannot regenerate lost neurons or restore lost function. It may slightly improve cognitive function but cannot reverse the disease process.
D. Donepezil provides symptom relief for Alzheimer’s disease: Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels in the brain, temporarily improving cognitive symptoms like memory and awareness. It is approved for symptom management, especially in mild to moderate stages.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Barbiturates carry a higher risk of dependence and overdose compared to other sedative-hypnotics.": Barbiturates have a narrow therapeutic index, and overdose can lead to fatal respiratory depression. Their high abuse potential and severe withdrawal symptoms make them less favorable than safer alternatives like benzodiazepines.
B. "Barbiturates are more expensive than newer medications like benzodiazepines, which limits their use.": Cost is not the primary reason for their reduced use. In fact, many barbiturates are inexpensive. Their safety profile and high risk of fatal overdose are the major concerns.
C. "Barbiturates have been replaced because they are less effective than over-the-counter sleep aids.": Barbiturates are actually very potent sedative-hypnotics. However, their risks outweigh their benefits. OTC sleep aids are less effective but considered safer for short-term use.
D. "Barbiturates are safer for long-term use compared to other sedatives, but they have limited availability.": Barbiturates are not safer for long-term use. They are associated with tolerance, dependence, cognitive impairment, and severe withdrawal, which is why their use has been largely replaced.
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