A mom brings her 13-year-old daughter to the PMHNP for an evaluation of suspected attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For an adolescent who presents with distractibility, which of the following additional features would suggest an association with bipolar II disorder rather than ADHD?

A 30-year-old woman who has tried for a year to become pregnant presents to the nurse practitioner, who diagnoses cervical stenosis as the probable cause of her infertility. Which is the most appropriate treatment?

Which of the following aspects of bipolar disorder predicts a favorable response to lithium treatment?

A 62-year-old woman presents to the PMHNP for an evaluation. She is concerned she is developing dementia due to her significant family history. Which of the following would help the PMHNP make a diagnosis of pseudodementia rather than dementia?

In bipolar disorder, it is theorized that initial episodes are likely triggered by major life events that cause the brain to become overly sensitive to electrical stimulation. Successive episodes grow increasingly more autonomous due to neuronal misfiring. Which term represents this concept?

A 52-year-old woman is at her regular medication management appointment with her PMHNP. Her father was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and she wants to know what herbal products she can use to prevent memory loss. She tells the PMHNP, "I have heard a lot about ginkgo biloba being good for the brain and memory. What's your opinion?"

A 22-year-old woman diagnosed with bipolar disorder missed her last two appointments with the PMHNP after she was started on lithium (Eskalith). Her mother brought her to a third appointment. The patient was excited to see the PMHNP, as evidenced by her rapid rate of speech and discussion about the book she was writing. The patient went on to say that God had spoken directly to her and given her a message that only she could give to the world. She said she hadn’t been able to sleep for at least 1 week because she had been so busy working on this book, but she felt “absolutely incredible” despite her lack of sleep. Both the patient and the mother insist she has not stopped taking her medication. The PMHNP orders laboratory studies, including a lithium level. Which level of lithium will be subtherapeutic and indicate a need for an increased dose?

A 49-year-old female patient has been taking gabapentin for 6 months. It has produced some relief for her neuropathic pain, but she still rates her average daily pain at about a 5. What would be the next most appropriate treatment?

Which of the following medications has demonstrated the most evidence for reducing suicide risk in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

A 42-year-old woman recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse practitioner about disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Which of the following statements about DMARDs is INCORRECT?

The clock-drawing test (CDT) has become a standard cognitive screening tool around the world. Like all cognitive screening tests, it is designed to detect early brain changes to determine if a person may be experiencing dementia. Which of the following statements most accurately depicts the usefulness of this test?