A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has gastroenteritis with dehydration and reports vomiting for the last 3 days. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Hypertension

Tachycardia

Peripheral edema

Polyuria

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hypertension: Dehydration typically causes hypotension (low blood pressure), not hypertension. As the body loses fluids, the blood volume decreases, leading to a drop in blood pressure.

B. Tachycardia: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) is a common compensatory response to dehydration. The body tries to maintain adequate blood circulation despite the reduced blood volume, leading to an increase in heart rate.

C. Peripheral edema: Peripheral edema (swelling) is typically associated with fluid retention or conditions like heart failure or kidney disease. In dehydration, the body loses fluids, which would not typically cause edema.

D. Polyuria: Polyuria (increased urine output) is not a typical manifestation of dehydration. Dehydration usually leads to oliguria (reduced urine output) as the kidneys conserve water in an attempt to restore fluid balance.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Encourage the client to rest before eating meals: Encouraging the client to rest before meals helps to stimulate appetite and prevent early satiety. Resting allows the body to focus on digestion, which is important for those at risk of malnutrition.

B. Instruct the client to consume 1 L of fluid daily: While fluid intake is essential, limiting it to 1 L may not be adequate for most clients. The amount of fluid required depends on individual needs and health conditions.

C. Tell the client to increase the saturated fat content of each meal: Increasing saturated fat is not recommended for preventing malnutrition, as it can lead to other health issues like heart disease. Instead, clients should focus on balanced, nutrient-dense meals.

D. Suggest the client avoid snacking during the day: Avoiding snacks may limit overall calorie intake. Snacking can be an important way for clients at risk of malnutrition to increase their daily intake of essential nutrients, so this would not be an appropriate suggestion.

A. Clubbing of the nail beds B. Heat intolerance C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Conjunctivitis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Clubbing of the nail beds: Clubbing of the nail beds is more commonly associated with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, not anemia. It usually occurs in conditions that cause long-term hypoxia, such as chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease.

B. Heat intolerance: Heat intolerance is generally associated with hyperthyroidism, not anemia. Anemia is more likely to cause fatigue, pallor, and other symptoms rather than an inability to tolerate heat.

C. Orthostatic hypotension: This is a common symptom of anemia due to a reduced blood volume or the body's inability to circulate oxygenated blood effectively. The client may experience dizziness or lightheadedness when moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position because of a drop in blood pressure.

D. Conjunctivitis: Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) is not a typical manifestation of anemia. Anemia is more likely to cause symptoms related to reduced oxygenation, such as fatigue, pallor, and dizziness, but not conjunctivitis.

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A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has gastroenteritis with dehydration and reports vomiting for the last 3 days. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

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