A nurse is assessing a client who has severe sepsis. The nurse observes that the client has tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, and altered mental status. The nurse understands that these findings are indicative of what type of organ dysfunction?

"Cardiac dysfunction."

"Renal dysfunction."

"Neurologic dysfunction."

"All of the above."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice D reason: The client has signs and symptoms of cardiac, renal, and neurologic dysfunction due to sepsis.

Choice A reason: Cardiac dysfunction is indicated by tachycardia and hypotension, which reflect the impaired cardiac output and blood pressure due to sepsis. The cardiac dysfunction can lead to cardiogenic shock, myocardial ischemia, or arrhythmias.

Choice B reason: Renal dysfunction is indicated by oliguria, which reflects the reduced renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate due to sepsis. The renal dysfunction can lead to acute kidney injury, electrolyte imbalance, or metabolic acidosis.

Choice C reason: Neurologic dysfunction is indicated by altered mental status, which reflects the reduced cerebral perfusion and oxygenation due to sepsis. The neurologic dysfunction can lead to delirium, coma, seizures, or stroke.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C reason: Community-acquired infection is an infection that is acquired outside of a health care setting, such as a UTI caused by E. coli. E. coli is a common cause of UTI and is usually found in the intestinal tract or fecal matter.

Choice A reason: Nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired in a health care setting, such as a surgical site infection or a catheter-associated bloodstream infection. Nosocomial infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Choice B reason: Opportunistic infection is an infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation. Opportunistic infections are caused by microorganisms that are normally harmless or part of the normal flora, but become pathogenic when the host's defenses are weakened. Some examples of opportunistic infections are Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Candida albicans thrush, or cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Choice D reason: Latent infection is an infection that remains dormant or inactive in the host for a period of time, but can reactivate and cause disease when the host's immunity declines. Some examples of latent infections are herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A. Serous exudate B. Sanguineous exudate C. Purulent exudate D. Fibrinous exudate

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C reason: Purulent exudate is a type of exudate that contains pus, which is composed of dead neutrophils, bacteria, and cellular debris. It has a creamy white or yellow, purulent, and sometimes bloody appearance and a foul odor. It is seen in wound infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, such as S. aureus.

Choice A reason: Serous exudate is a type of exudate that contains clear or yellowish fluid that accumulates in body cavities or on the surface of tissues. It has a watery and thin appearance and no odor. It is seen in conditions such as blisters or pericarditis.

Choice B reason: Sanguineous exudate is a type of exudate that contains blood or blood cells that leak from damaged blood vessels. It has a red or brown appearance and no odor. It is seen in conditions such as trauma, surgery, or malignancy.

Choice D reason: Fibrinous exudate is a type of exudate that contains fibrin, which is a protein that forms a meshwork of fibers that seal and stabilize the wound. It has a sticky and thick appearance and no odor. It is seen in conditions such as rheumatic fever or pleurisy.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has severe sepsis. The nurse observes that the client has tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, and altered mental status. The nurse understands that these findings are indicative of what type of organ dysfunction?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Escherichia coli. The nurse understands that this is an example of what type of infection?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The nurse notes that the wound has a creamy white or yellow, purulent, and sometimes bloody drainage. The nurse recognizes that this type of drainage is indicative of what type of exudate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has sepsis about the pathophysiology of the condition. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is administering antibiotics to a client who has septic shock. The nurse understands that the goal of antibiotic therapy in septic shock is to achieve what outcome?

A nurse is assessing a client who has severe sepsis. The nurse observes that the client has tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, and altered mental status. The nurse understands that these findings are indicative of what type of organ dysfunction?