A nurse is assessing a client who has systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Which of the following is an expected finding?

Dry raised facial rush

Subcutaneous nodules

Hyperuricemia

Polycythemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Dry raised facial rash: A classic manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus is the malar or “butterfly” rash, which appears across the cheeks and bridge of the nose. It is typically dry, raised, and erythematous, often triggered or worsened by sunlight.

B. Subcutaneous nodules: Subcutaneous nodules are more commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis rather than SLE. They are firm, non-tender lumps over bony prominences or extensor surfaces.

C. Hyperuricemia: Elevated uric acid levels are characteristic of gout, not SLE. Clients with SLE may experience kidney involvement, but hyperuricemia is not a defining feature.

D. Polycythemia: SLE is more commonly associated with anemia (especially hemolytic or anemia of chronic disease) rather than polycythemia. Increased red blood cell counts are not expected in this autoimmune condition.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Transmission of Escherichia coli from undercooked ground beef: This is an example of foodborne transmission, where pathogens are ingested through contaminated food. It does not involve a vector such as an insect or animal.

B. Transmission of giardia from contaminated water: This represents waterborne transmission, occurring when pathogens are ingested through contaminated drinking or recreational water, not via a vector.

C. Transmission of West Nile virus from a mosquito bite: West Nile virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, which acts as a vector. This is a classic example of vector-borne transmission, where an organism carries and spreads a pathogen between hosts.

D. Transmission of hepatitis A from a food handler who has the virus: This is an example of direct contact or foodborne transmission, occurring when an infected individual contaminates food. It does not involve a vector to transmit the infection.

A. Maintain foot above the level of the head. B. Expect numbness and tingling for the first 24 hr. C. Apply ice on the ankle for 20 min intervals. D. Perform range of motion exercises for the affected joint

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Maintain foot above the level of the head: Elevating the foot above heart level, not the head, helps reduce swelling and promote venous return. Elevation above the head is unnecessary and may be uncomfortable or impractical.

B. Expect numbness and tingling for the first 24 hr: Persistent numbness or tingling is not a typical response to a sprain and may indicate neurovascular compromise. Any unusual sensations should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.

C. Apply ice on the ankle for 20 min intervals: Applying ice for 20-minute intervals is a standard first-aid measure to reduce pain and swelling in acute sprains. Ice should be applied with a protective barrier to prevent skin damage, making this an essential component of home care.

D. Perform range of motion exercises for the affected joint: Early aggressive range of motion exercises may exacerbate the injury. Initial management focuses on rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), with gradual mobilization introduced once acute pain and swelling decrease.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Which of the following is an expected finding?

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