A nurse is assessing a client who is taking methamphetamines. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of methamphetamines?

A. "Polyuria can be caused by using antidepressants.": Antidepressants are more commonly associated with urinary retention or hesitancy rather than polyuria, so this statement reflects a misunderstanding of the typical causes.

B. "Polyuria can be caused by enlargement of the prostate gland.": Prostate enlargement usually causes urinary retention, difficulty initiating urination, or nocturia, rather than excessive urine output.

C. "Polyuria can be caused by drinking too much fluid.": Excessive fluid intake increases urine production, which is a common and direct cause of polyuria. This reflects an accurate understanding of one of the typical mechanisms leading to increased urine output.

D. "Polyuria can be caused by trauma to the lower urinary tract.": Trauma is more likely to result in hematuria, pain, or retention, not necessarily polyuria. This statement does not accurately reflect a common cause of excessive urination.

A. Assess the client’s breath sounds: Auscultation helps determine how well interventions like albuterol and oxygen are working. Detecting changes such as worsening wheezes, crackles, or diminished sounds ensures early recognition of complications. This is vital given the client’s chronic smoking history and respiratory distress.

B. Restrict the client’s fluid intake: Adequate hydration thins mucus, making it easier to clear. Unless there is heart or kidney failure, fluids should be encouraged. Restricting intake could worsen secretion retention and impair gas exchange.

C. Perform chest percussion and vibration: These techniques loosen mucus and promote clearance in clients with COPD or chronic bronchitis. Because the client has a productive cough and abnormal lung sounds, this intervention supports better airway patency. It also works well alongside bronchodilators for improved breathing.

D. Increase oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min: In clients with chronic CO₂ retention, too much oxygen can suppress respiratory drive. The current prescription of 2 L/min should be maintained unless the provider reassesses and orders changes based on ABGs.

E. Instruct the client to perform diaphragmatic breathing: This method enhances airflow to the lower lungs, reduces accessory muscle use, and improves oxygen exchange. For a COPD client, it helps conserve energy and improve ventilation. Combined with pursed-lip breathing, it strengthens respiratory efficiency.

F. Place the client in a supine position: Lying flat limits lung expansion and can worsen dyspnea in clients with lung disease. An upright or high-Fowler’s position promotes maximal ventilation and better oxygenation.