A nurse is assessing a client who is taking methamphetamines. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of methamphetamines?

Hypotension

Weight loss

Somnolence

Lethargy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hypotension: Methamphetamines are central nervous system stimulants that typically cause hypertension and tachycardia due to increased sympathetic activity, rather than low blood pressure.

B. Weight loss: Methamphetamines suppress appetite and increase metabolism, which can lead to significant weight loss. This is a common adverse effect associated with chronic use.

C. Somnolence: Stimulant effects of methamphetamines generally cause insomnia and hyperactivity rather than excessive sleepiness. Somnolence is not a typical adverse effect.

D. Lethargy: Methamphetamine use initially produces energy and euphoria. Lethargy may occur only during withdrawal, not as a direct adverse effect of active use.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Assess the client’s breath sounds: Auscultation helps determine how well interventions like albuterol and oxygen are working. Detecting changes such as worsening wheezes, crackles, or diminished sounds ensures early recognition of complications. This is vital given the client’s chronic smoking history and respiratory distress.

B. Restrict the client’s fluid intake: Adequate hydration thins mucus, making it easier to clear. Unless there is heart or kidney failure, fluids should be encouraged. Restricting intake could worsen secretion retention and impair gas exchange.

C. Perform chest percussion and vibration: These techniques loosen mucus and promote clearance in clients with COPD or chronic bronchitis. Because the client has a productive cough and abnormal lung sounds, this intervention supports better airway patency. It also works well alongside bronchodilators for improved breathing.

D. Increase oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min: In clients with chronic CO₂ retention, too much oxygen can suppress respiratory drive. The current prescription of 2 L/min should be maintained unless the provider reassesses and orders changes based on ABGs.

E. Instruct the client to perform diaphragmatic breathing: This method enhances airflow to the lower lungs, reduces accessory muscle use, and improves oxygen exchange. For a COPD client, it helps conserve energy and improve ventilation. Combined with pursed-lip breathing, it strengthens respiratory efficiency.

F. Place the client in a supine position: Lying flat limits lung expansion and can worsen dyspnea in clients with lung disease. An upright or high-Fowler’s position promotes maximal ventilation and better oxygenation.

A. The client brushes her teeth twice daily. B. The client wipes back to front when toileting. C. The client washes her perineum first when bathing. D. The client takes a hot bubble bath every day.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. The client brushes her teeth twice daily: Brushing teeth at least twice a day is recommended to reduce plaque buildup, prevent tooth decay, and maintain oral health. This practice is consistent with standard personal hygiene guidelines.

B. The client wipes back to front when toileting: Wiping from back to front increases the risk of transferring bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, which can lead to urinary tract infections. The correct method is front to back.

C. The client washes her perineum first when bathing: The perineal area should be washed last to avoid transferring bacteria from this region to other parts of the body, especially the face. Washing it first increases the risk of cross-contamination.

D. The client takes a hot bubble bath every day: Daily hot bubble baths can dry out the skin and disrupt normal skin flora, potentially leading to irritation or infection. Mild, less frequent bathing with warm (not hot) water is healthier for skin integrity.

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A nurse is assessing a client who is taking methamphetamines. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of methamphetamines?

Nursing Test Bank

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