A nurse is assessing a client who reports difficulty staying awake during the day and experiencing involuntary episodes of lost muscle tone. The nurse should identify that these are manifestations of which of the following conditions?

Hypersomnia

Narcolepsy (NT2)

Narcolepsy (NT1)

Insomnia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness but does not include cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions). Clients with hypersomnia may sleep for long periods but maintain normal muscle control.

B. Narcolepsy type 2 involves excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. While clients may struggle to stay awake, they do not experience the sudden muscle weakness episodes seen in NT1.

C. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is defined by excessive daytime sleepiness plus cataplexy (sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone often triggered by laughter, anger, or surprise). Other NT1 manifestations can include sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. The client’s report of involuntary muscle tone loss along with daytime sleepiness aligns directly with NT1.

D. Insomnia involves difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early. It does not cause cataplexy or sudden loss of muscle tone and therefore does not fit the client’s symptoms.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While excessive smartphone use, especially at night, has been associated with mood disturbances, depression is multifactorial and cannot be directly attributed solely to nighttime smartphone use. It may contribute indirectly but is not the primary physiological consequence in this scenario.

B. Binge eating disorder is not directly linked to nighttime smartphone use. Although poor sleep can affect appetite and eating behaviors, smartphone use itself does not directly cause this disorder.

C. RLS is a neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable leg sensations and an urge to move, usually worse at night. Smartphone use does not cause RLS, although sleep disruption from late-night screen use may exacerbate symptoms in someone who already has it.

D. Exposure to blue light from smartphone screens at night suppresses melatonin production and shifts the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. This can disrupt the circadian rhythm, delay sleep onset, and reduce overall sleep quality. Chronic circadian disruption from late-night screen use is associated with impaired alertness, metabolic changes, and long-term sleep disturbances.

A. Encourage the client to verbalize their needs and concerns. B. Limit time spent with client. C. Ask the client to splint the incision when coughing. D. Administer pain medications as prescribed.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Encouraging verbalization allows the client to express fears, anxieties, and emotional needs. This is a core component of emotional comfort. When clients feel heard and supported, it reduces stress and promotes overall well-being, which can improve recovery outcomes.

B. Limiting interactions with a client may increase feelings of isolation, anxiety, and emotional distress. This approach does not promote emotional comfort and may hinder trust and therapeutic rapport.

C. Splinting the incision is a physical comfort intervention, not an emotional one. It helps reduce pain and prevents wound complications, but it does not directly address emotional needs.

D. Providing pain relief is important for physical comfort, which can indirectly affect emotional well-being. However, the question specifically asks for interventions that promote emotional comfort, so this is supportive but not the primary emotional intervention.

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A nurse is assessing a client who reports difficulty staying awake during the day and experiencing involuntary episodes of lost muscle tone. The nurse should identify that these are manifestations of which of the following conditions?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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