A nurse is caring for a client who works overnight shifts. The nurse should identify that individuals who perform shift work are at an increased risk for developing which of the following conditions?

Diabetes mellitus

Central sleep apnea

Hypersomnia

Restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Shift work disrupts the normal circadian rhythm, leading to irregular sleep patterns, altered eating habits, and metabolic changes. These disruptions increase the risk for insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, which can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies have shown a higher prevalence of diabetes in individuals who perform night shifts or rotating shifts compared to those with consistent daytime schedules.

B. Central sleep apnea is caused by a failure of the brain to send appropriate signals to the respiratory muscles, often associated with heart failure, stroke, or opioid use. It is not specifically linked to shift work or circadian rhythm disruption.

C. While shift workers may experience excessive daytime sleepiness due to sleep deprivation or circadian misalignment, hypersomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleep despite adequate sleep opportunities and is not a direct consequence of shift work. Shift work primarily causes circadian rhythm–related sleep disturbances rather than intrinsic hypersomnia.

D. RLS is a neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs with an urge to move them, often worse at night. It is not caused by shift work, although sleep disruption may exacerbate symptoms in individuals with preexisting RLS.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While relieving physical pain is a component of comfort, it is not the only aspect. Comfort is holistic and includes addressing mental, emotional, and spiritual needs, not just administering medication.

B. This statement demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of comfort. Effective comfort interventions involve alleviating physical, mental, and emotional distress and using warmth, empathy, and supportive communication to improve the client’s overall sense of well-being. Nurses and APs play a key role in creating an environment that supports all dimensions of comfort.

C. Taking control of the client’s care and creating routines may provide some structure but does not guarantee comfort, especially if the client’s preferences and emotional needs are ignored. Comfort is individualized, not solely based on staff control or routine.

D. Smiling and remaining cheerful is superficial and does not address the client’s actual needs or distress. True comfort involves empathy, presence, and responding to the client’s specific physical and emotional concerns, not just outward expressions of cheerfulness.

A. Hypersomnia B. Narcolepsy (NT2) C. Narcolepsy (NT1) D. Insomnia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness but does not include cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions). Clients with hypersomnia may sleep for long periods but maintain normal muscle control.

B. Narcolepsy type 2 involves excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. While clients may struggle to stay awake, they do not experience the sudden muscle weakness episodes seen in NT1.

C. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is defined by excessive daytime sleepiness plus cataplexy (sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone often triggered by laughter, anger, or surprise). Other NT1 manifestations can include sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. The client’s report of involuntary muscle tone loss along with daytime sleepiness aligns directly with NT1.

D. Insomnia involves difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early. It does not cause cataplexy or sudden loss of muscle tone and therefore does not fit the client’s symptoms.

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A nurse is caring for a client who works overnight shifts. The nurse should identify that individuals who perform shift work are at an increased risk for developing which of the following conditions?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the concept of comfort with an assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following statements by the AP indicates an understanding of comfort?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who works overnight shifts. The nurse should identify that individuals who perform shift work are at an increased risk for developing which of the following conditions?