A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 1 hr old. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

A. Transdermal patch: Combined hormonal contraceptives, such as the transdermal patch, contain both estrogen and progestin. Estrogen increases the risk of thromboembolic events, particularly in clients over 35 who smoke, making it contraindicated for this client due to increased risk of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction.

B. Vaginal ring: The vaginal ring also delivers combined estrogen and progestin. Although it is administered locally, systemic absorption still occurs, and the associated estrogen exposure poses similar cardiovascular risks to smokers over 35, making it inappropriate for this client.

C. Cervical cap: The cervical cap is a barrier method of contraception that does not involve hormones. It physically prevents sperm from entering the cervix and does not carry the cardiovascular risks associated with estrogen-containing methods. This makes it a safe and effective contraceptive choice for a 37-year-old client who smokes.

D. Oral contraception: Combined oral contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin. Estrogen exposure in smokers over 35 significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events, including thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Therefore, oral contraceptives are contraindicated for this client.

A. Keep the urinary bag at bladder level when ambulating: The urinary drainage bag should always be kept below the level of the bladder to promote gravity drainage and prevent backflow of urine. Keeping it at bladder level increases the risk of urine reflux into the bladder, which can introduce bacteria and lead to infection.

B. Secure the catheter to the client's thigh: Securing the catheter prevents traction and movement at the urethral meatus, which can cause microtrauma and facilitate bacterial entry. Stabilization also maintains a closed drainage system, reducing the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).

C. Obtain urinary samples by disconnecting the tubing connections: Disconnecting the closed drainage system increases the risk of introducing microorganisms into the system. Urine specimens should be obtained from the designated sampling port using aseptic technique to maintain sterility and reduce infection risk.

D. Loop the tubing so that it is lower than the collection bag: Tubing should be free of dependent loops because these can trap urine and promote bacterial growth. Additionally, positioning tubing lower than the collection bag can lead to backflow, increasing the risk of infection.