A nurse is assisting in obtaining informed consent from a client who is scheduled for vagus nerve stimulation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to act as a client advocate?

Choice A reason: While this statement is true, it is confrontational and does not address the nurse’s legal and professional responsibility. Nurses must prioritize child safety and follow mandated reporting laws rather than offering judgmental statements.

Choice B reason: Asking the parent why they think it will not happen again is inappropriate. It places responsibility on the parent and may minimize the seriousness of the abuse. The nurse’s role is to protect the child, not to debate with the caregiver.

Choice C reason: Reporting suspected child abuse is not optional or left to the parent. It is a legal obligation of healthcare providers. Suggesting that it is the parent’s responsibility misrepresents the nurse’s duty and could result in failure to protect the child.

Choice D reason: Informing the parent that the child will be privately interviewed is appropriate. This ensures the child’s voice is heard without parental influence and allows professionals to assess the situation accurately. It also communicates the seriousness of the incident while maintaining professionalism

Choice A reason: Varenicline is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist used for smoking cessation. It reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine dependence but has no role in managing acute alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal involves hyperexcitability of the central nervous system due to the sudden absence of GABAergic stimulation, and Varenicline does not address this pathophysiology.

Choice B reason: Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is the drug of choice for acute alcohol withdrawal. Benzodiazepines enhance GABA activity, counteracting the excitatory state caused by alcohol cessation. They reduce the risk of seizures, delirium tremens, and autonomic instability. Diazepam’s long half-life provides smoother withdrawal coverage and reduces rebound symptoms. Clinically, it is administered under close monitoring to titrate sedation and prevent complications.

Choice C reason: Disulfiram is an aversive agent used for long-term alcohol abstinence. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing accumulation of acetaldehyde when alcohol is consumed, leading to unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, nausea, and palpitations. However, it is contraindicated during acute withdrawal because it does not relieve withdrawal symptoms and may worsen the client’s condition if alcohol is ingested.

Choice D reason: Acamprosate is used for maintaining abstinence after detoxification. It modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission, reducing cravings and preventing relapse. However, it is not effective in treating acute withdrawal symptoms such as tremors, seizures, or delirium. Its role is supportive in long-term recovery, not immediate stabilization.