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A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old client in the acute phase of HIV. Which complication should the nurse monitor for at this time?

A.

Fever

B.

Pneumonia

C.

Kaposi's sarcoma

D.

AIDS

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Fever: In the acute phase of HIV, the virus is rapidly replicating, and the body mounts an immune response. Fever is a common early symptom reflecting viral infection and immune system activation. Monitoring for fever helps detect the body’s response and any concurrent infections.

B. Pneumonia: Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia are more common during the chronic or advanced stages of HIV when immune suppression is significant. In the acute phase, the immune system is usually still able to prevent severe infections.

C. Kaposi's sarcoma: Kaposi’s sarcoma is an opportunistic malignancy associated with advanced HIV/AIDS, not typically seen during the acute phase of infection in children.

D. AIDS: AIDS is the progression of HIV to a severely immunocompromised state. During the acute phase, the child has primary HIV infection, and the diagnosis of AIDS has not yet been established.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Accept, introduce, demonstration, explanation, and teach back: While some words are related to communication, this does not accurately represent the standard AIDET framework used in healthcare.

B. Assessment, implementation, data collection, evaluation, and treatment: This sequence describes aspects of the nursing process, not the AIDET communication tool.

C. Anticipate, identify, develop, encourage, and talk: These terms are not part of the AIDET framework and do not align with the intended client-centered communication steps.

D. Acknowledge, introduce, duration, explanation, and thank you: This correctly represents AIDET. It guides nurses to acknowledge the client, introduce themselves, explain the expected duration of care, provide clear explanations, and thank the client, enhancing communication and the overall healthcare experience.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Polymerase chain reaction test: PCR testing is the preferred method for rapidly detecting Bordetella pertussis DNA. It is highly sensitive and can confirm the diagnosis early in the course of illness, allowing prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy.

B. Pulmonary function testing (PFT): PFTs assess lung function and are used for chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, not for diagnosing acute infections like pertussis.

C. CT scan: Computed tomography is not indicated for routine diagnosis of pertussis. It is reserved for evaluating complex or severe pulmonary conditions and provides more detail than necessary for bacterial infection identification.

D. Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray may help rule out pneumonia or other complications but cannot confirm pertussis. Imaging is supportive, not diagnostic, for pertussis.

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