A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has a terminal illness about advanced care planning (ACP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

"ACP helps clients decide the preferred location of death and advance directives."

"ACP is invalid if the client chooses curative treatment."

"ACP are legal documents that go into effect if clients are unable to make decisions."

"ACP does not take into account the individual's cultural influences."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "ACP helps clients decide the preferred location of death and advance directives.": While ACP may include discussions about goals of care and preferences, it is broader than end-of-life location alone. The primary focus is on documenting decision-making authority and treatment preferences should capacity be lost. Limiting ACP to location of death oversimplifies its scope.

B. "ACP is invalid if the client chooses curative treatment.": Advanced care planning remains appropriate regardless of whether the client is receiving curative, life-prolonging, or palliative treatment. ACP supports ongoing decision-making across the illness trajectory. Choosing curative treatment does not negate or invalidate ACP.

C. "ACP are legal documents that go into effect if clients are unable to make decisions.": ACP includes advance directives and durable powers of attorney that guide care when a client lacks decision-making capacity. These documents ensure that healthcare choices align with the client’s values and previously expressed wishes. This statement accurately reflects the legal and clinical purpose of ACP.

D. "ACP does not take into account the individual's cultural influences.": Cultural, spiritual, and personal values are central to advanced care planning discussions. ACP is designed to respect and incorporate these influences into healthcare decision-making. Excluding cultural considerations contradicts the foundational principles of ACP.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Using a medicine cup for oral medication administration: Medicine cups allow accurate measurement of liquid medications and are appropriate for preschool-aged children who can cooperate with oral intake. This method reduces dosing errors and facilitates safe administration.

B. Instructing the child to swallow sublingual medication: Sublingual medications are designed to dissolve under the tongue for rapid absorption. Preschoolers may lack the developmental ability to hold the medication properly, making this route unsafe without close supervision. This instruction is not routinely appropriate for this age group.

C. Administering rectal medication into the client's anus: Rectal administration is a valid route for preschoolers, especially when oral administration is not possible due to vomiting or refusal. Proper technique ensures absorption and minimizes discomfort.

D. Selecting a suitable vein for intravenous medication administration: IV administration requires careful vein selection to ensure effective delivery and reduce complications. Preschoolers often need smaller-gauge catheters, and site choice is critical for safety.

E. Educating the client on proper inhalation technique for inhaled medication: Preschoolers can be taught to use inhalers with spacers or masks to optimize medication delivery to the lungs. Education helps improve adherence and therapeutic effect.

F. Applying topical or transdermal medication directly to the client's open wound: Applying topical medications directly to an open wound is inappropriate unless specifically prescribed for wound care. Standard transdermal patches are intended for intact skin; misuse can lead to systemic toxicity or local irritation.

A. The child has taken phenytoin medication for seizures. B. The child is a 6-year-old female. C. The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease. D. The client smoked while they were pregnant with the child.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The child has taken phenytoin medication for seizures: Phenytoin use is not associated with the development of arteriovenous malformations. Anticonvulsants do not increase AVM risk; they are prescribed to manage seizure activity, which may occur if an AVM is already present.

B. The child is a 6-year-old female: Age and sex alone are not considered risk factors for AVMs. While AVMs can present in childhood, there is no significant predilection based solely on being female or the child’s age.

C. The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease: Genetic disorders such as Hippel-Lindau disease are associated with increased risk of vascular malformations, including AVMs. Recognizing a family or personal history of these conditions is essential in assessing risk.

D. The client smoked while they were pregnant with the child: Maternal smoking is linked to low birth weight and certain congenital defects, but it is not a known risk factor for the development of arteriovenous malformations.

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has a terminal illness about advanced care planning (ACP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

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