A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic.
For each body system below, click to specify the adverse effect that the nurse should include in the teaching. Choose the most likely response for the dropdown(s) in the table below by choosing from the lists of options.
|
Body System |
Common Adverse Effects |
|
Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT) |
dropdown
|
|
Cardiovascular |
dropdown
|
|
Genitourinary |
dropdown
|
|
Gastrointestinal |
dropdown
|
Note: Each drop down must have 1 response selected.
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"A","dropdown-group-4":"C"}
- HEENT – Dry mouth; Amitriptyline has strong anticholinergic effects, which inhibit salivary gland secretion, commonly resulting in dry mouth. This side effect can affect oral comfort, dental health, and appetite.
- Cardiovascular – Tachycardia: Tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline can cause tachycardia due to their anticholinergic properties and direct effects on cardiac conduction. These drugs inhibit vagal tone, which increases heart rate, and can also affect the sodium channels in cardiac tissue.
- Genitourinary – Urinary retention: Amitriptyline’s anticholinergic activity relaxes the detrusor muscle and contracts the internal urethral sphincter, impairing normal bladder emptying. This can lead to difficulty initiating urination and incomplete bladder emptying, particularly in older adults.
- Gastrointestinal – Constipation: By inhibiting parasympathetic activity in the GI tract, amitriptyline slows peristalsis, leading to constipation. This side effect is common and can become severe without dietary adjustments or the use of stool softeners.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Naloxone: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose, such as respiratory depression. It is not effective in treating allergic reactions like urticaria caused by antibiotics.
B. Diphenhydramine: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to treat allergic reactions, including urticaria. It blocks histamine release, reducing itching, redness, and swelling associated with allergic responses.
C. Hydralazine: Hydralazine is an antihypertensive medication used to treat severe high blood pressure. It has no role in managing allergic reactions and would not address the urticaria symptoms.
D. Protamine: Protamine is used to reverse the effects of heparin in cases of overdose or bleeding. It does not counteract allergic responses and is not indicated for urticaria.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Carbamazepine: This medication is primarily used for long-term seizure control but is not effective in stopping an active status epilepticus episode due to its slower onset of action.
B. Lorazepam: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset that is the first-line treatment to quickly stop seizures during status epilepticus, providing immediate central nervous system depression to control convulsions.
C. Clonazepam: Although clonazepam is a benzodiazepine used for seizure management, it is less commonly used in acute status epilepticus due to slower onset and availability of more effective alternatives like lorazepam.
D. Lamotrigine: Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant used for maintenance therapy in seizure disorders, but it does not act quickly enough to manage status epilepticus emergencies.
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