A nurse is caring for a client on a medical unit.

Exhibits

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Essential infection control practices in peritoneal dialysis include

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A. Raisins: Raisins are dried fruits that contain high amounts of potassium. In clients with chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are less able to excrete potassium, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Limiting intake of raisins helps maintain safer serum potassium levels.

B. Tomatoes: Tomatoes are naturally high in potassium, and consuming them in large amounts can contribute to elevated potassium levels in clients with kidney impairment. Avoiding or limiting tomato-based foods is important for dietary potassium management.

C. Green Beans: Green beans are relatively low in potassium compared with other vegetables and are generally safe for clients with chronic kidney disease when consumed in moderation. They do not pose a significant risk for hyperkalemia.

D. Asparagus: Asparagus contains moderate amounts of potassium but is lower than high-potassium foods such as bananas or tomatoes. It can usually be included in a kidney-friendly diet in controlled portions.

E. Bananas: Bananas are very high in potassium and are considered a high-risk food for clients with chronic kidney disease. Restricting bananas is essential to prevent dangerous increases in serum potassium levels.

• Restricting salt in the diet is more relevant in chronic kidney disease or hypertension management, not in acute hydronephrosis. The main concern here is obstruction and impaired urine flow rather than sodium retention, so reducing salt intake would not address the acute problem.

• Encouraging fluid intake helps promote urine flow and reduces the risk of worsening obstruction or stone formation. Adequate hydration supports kidney perfusion and prevents highly concentrated urine, which could aggravate symptoms and kidney stress.

• Elevating the legs is helpful in conditions involving edema or poor venous return, but it does not improve urinary obstruction or hydronephrosis. Since the client’s primary concern involves kidney drainage, this intervention would not target the actual pathology.

• Administering pain medication is important because hydronephrosis often causes significant flank or back pain. Pain control improves comfort and also reduces stress-related physiological responses such as increased blood pressure or tachycardia.

• Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential in diabetic clients, but there is no evidence of diabetes in this case. The more urgent focus is on monitoring kidney function and hemodynamic stability, making glucose monitoring less relevant here.

• Renal calculi can be an underlying cause of hydronephrosis, but the ultrasound shows hydronephrosis directly rather than confirming stones. The correct condition to identify is hydronephrosis itself, which describes the kidney swelling from obstructed urine flow.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of urinary obstruction in older males, but this is a pediatric client. The presentation is more consistent with urinary tract obstruction leading to hydronephrosis rather than BPH.

• Hydronephrosis is confirmed on ultrasound, showing urine backflow into the kidneys due to obstruction. The client’s urinary difficulty, flank pain, and rising BUN/creatinine levels support this diagnosis as the most likely condition.

• Chronic glomerulonephritis usually presents with proteinuria, hematuria, and persistent hypertension over time. The acute urinary retention and hydronephrosis on imaging do not align with this condition, making it less likely.

• Monitoring the skin condition is useful for immobility or fluid balance concerns, but it does not reflect kidney function or the effectiveness of interventions for hydronephrosis. Therefore, it is not a priority parameter in this scenario.

• Monitoring urine output is critical because it directly reflects kidney function and the effect of relieving obstruction. Any changes in urine volume help determine whether hydronephrosis is improving or worsening.

• Monitoring the respiratory rate can detect systemic illness or pain-related changes, but it is not specific to kidney obstruction. Unless complications like sepsis develop, it is less relevant for tracking hydronephrosis.

• Monitoring the heart rate can help assess pain or stress but does not provide specific information on renal function. Although useful as a general vital sign, it is not as direct as urine output or blood pressure for evaluating progress.

• Monitoring blood pressure is essential because kidney function strongly influences blood pressure regulation through fluid balance and renin-angiotensin activity. Rising blood pressure may indicate worsening renal compromise from hydronephrosis.