A nurse is caring for a client who has cardiomyopathy and is experiencing sensory overload. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Choice A Reason:

"The organism that causes TB becomes resistant to antituberculotic medications when you only take one medication." This statement is appropriate.

Tuberculosis bacteria tend to develop resistance to single medications when used alone. Using multiple medications simultaneously helps prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant to any single drug. This strategy, known as combination therapy, is crucial in treating TB effectively and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

When TB bacteria are exposed to just one medication, they can mutate and become resistant to that specific drug. However, using a combination of medications helps ensure that if one medication fails to eliminate some bacteria due to resistance, the other drugs can still work against the resistant strains.

Preventing drug resistance is essential for successful TB treatment and to avoid the need for more complex and less effective medications if resistance develops.

Choice B Reason:

"Taking several antituberculotic medications will protect your liver from toxic effects." This statement is incorrect. While it's true that some antituberculotic medications can have hepatotoxic effects (adverse effects on the liver), the primary reason for using multiple medications in TB treatment isn't solely to protect the liver. The main goal of using multiple medications is to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of TB bacteria. Protecting the liver is an important consideration in medication selection and monitoring but isn't the primary rationale for multiple medications.

Choice C Reason:

"People who have a severe form of TB need several antituberculotic medications, but those who have less severe TB need just one medication." This statement is incorrect. The severity of TB doesn't determine the number of medications required. The standard treatment approach for TB involves multiple medications, regardless of the severity. This approach aims to prevent the development of drug resistance, ensure effective treatment, and reduce the risk of treatment failure. Using a combination of medications is a fundamental strategy to combat TB effectively.

Choice D Reason:

"Adverse effects occur more often and are more severe when you take only one antituberculotic medication." This statement is incorrect. While it's true that adverse effects can occur with antituberculotic medications, the primary reason for using multiple medications isn't solely to reduce adverse effects. The main concern addressed by using multiple drugs is preventing the development of drug-resistant TB strains. Using a combination of medications reduces the likelihood of resistance developing and increases the effectiveness of treatment, rather than solely minimizing adverse effects.

Choice A Reason:

“Twill increase vitamin C intake by drinking orange juice." Reason why it might not indicate an understanding: Citrus juices like orange juice can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to their acidity. Increasing intake might worsen reflux symptoms for many individuals with GERD.

Choice B Reason:

“Will eat six small meals each day." This statement indicates an understanding. Eating smaller, more frequent meals instead of three large meals can help reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), minimizing the likelihood of stomach contents flowing back into the esophagus, which commonly triggers GERD symptoms.

Choice C Reason:

"I will lie down for 30 minutes after each meal." Reason why it might not indicate an understanding: Lying down after meals can worsen GERD symptoms. Remaining upright or at least sitting upright for a few hours after meals helps prevent reflux by allowing gravity to assist in keeping stomach contents from moving up into the esophagus.

Choice D Reason:

“Will sleep flat on my back at night." Reason why it might not indicate an understanding: Sleeping flat on the back can aggravate GERD symptoms as it allows stomach acid to flow more easily into the esophagus. Sleeping with the head elevated (using pillows or an adjustable bed) is recommended to reduce nighttime reflux.