A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been told it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

"Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location."

"Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also another part of the body."

"Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing."

"Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.": This describes a localized or primary tumor, not metastasis. Metastasis refers specifically to the spread of cancer cells beyond the original site.
B. "Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also another part of the body.": Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread through the blood or lymphatic system to distant organs. It indicates the presence of secondary tumors outside the kidney.
C. "Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.": Cancer cells do not stop growing when space runs out; they continue to grow uncontrollably. This statement does not accurately reflect the meaning or mechanism of metastasis.
D. "Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.": This describes metaplasia, not metastasis. Metaplasia is a change in cell type due to chronic irritation, not the spread of cancer.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition is characterized by an elevated pH above 7.45 and an increased bicarbonate level. In this case, the pH is low and the HCO₃⁻ is also decreased, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated: A pH of 7.25 indicates acidemia, and a bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L confirms a metabolic origin. The PaCO₂ is normal at 40 mmHg, indicating that respiratory compensation has not yet occurred, making this an uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis involves a low pH and elevated PaCO₂ due to hypoventilation. This client’s PaCO₂ is within normal range, so respiratory causes can be ruled out.
D. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated: This condition presents with a high pH and low PaCO₂, typically due to hyperventilation. The client has an acidic pH and a normal PaCO₂, which does not support respiratory alkalosis.

A. Warmth B. Erythema C. Swelling D. Numbness E. Bleeding

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Warmth: Warmth over the affected area is a typical sign of DVT. It results from localized inflammation and increased blood flow due to the clot obstructing venous return and irritating the vessel wall.
B. Erythema: Erythema, or redness, often occurs in the area where the thrombus is located. It reflects the inflammatory response triggered by the presence of the clot in the vein.
C. Swelling: Swelling in the affected limb is one of the most common signs of DVT. It results from impaired venous return and fluid buildup due to the obstruction caused by the clot.
D. Numbness: Numbness is not typically associated with DVT. While swelling can sometimes compress nearby nerves and cause discomfort, numbness is not a hallmark feature and would warrant evaluation for other potential causes.
E. Bleeding: Bleeding is not a manifestation of DVT itself. DVT involves clot formation within a vein, not bleeding. However, anticoagulant therapy used to treat DVT can increase the risk of bleeding, but that is a side effect of treatment, not a sign of the condition.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been told it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

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