A nurse is caring for a client who has lactose intolerance and eliminated dairy products from their diet. The nurse should instruct the client to increase consumption of which of the following foods?

A. Inform the client that they will need to fast 4hr prior to the procedure: Fasting is generally not required for a thoracentesis unless moderate sedation or general anesthesia is planned. Routine thoracentesis is often performed with local anesthesia only, so strict fasting is unnecessary.

B. Explain that a needle will be inserted in the pleural space to withdraw fluid: Providing a clear explanation of the procedure helps reduce anxiety and ensures the client understands what to expect. Educating about needle insertion and fluid removal is essential for informed cooperation.

C. Obtain informed consent from the client: Informed consent is required for thoracentesis because it is an invasive procedure with risks such as pneumothorax, bleeding, and infection. The nurse must verify that consent is signed before proceeding.

D. Inform the client they will be sedated for the procedure: Many thoracenteses use local anesthesia with minimal sedation. Informing the client about sedation ensures understanding of the procedure and preparation for comfort measures, especially if moderate sedation is used.

E. Place the client in an upright position leaning over a bedside table: Proper positioning facilitates optimal access to the pleural space and improves patient safety and comfort. This upright posture with arms resting on a table is standard practice for thoracentesis.

F. Administer a cough suppressant to the client prior to the procedure: Suppressing cough is not routinely indicated before thoracentesis. The client may need to cough or take deep breaths during or after the procedure to prevent complications, so routine cough suppression is not recommended.

A. Healthy weight: A BMI of 18.5–24.9 is considered within the healthy weight range for adults. A BMI of 20 falls squarely in this category, indicating that the client’s weight is appropriate for their height and is associated with a lower risk of weight-related health problems.

B. Malnutrition: Malnutrition is generally associated with a BMI below 18.5, reflecting underweight status or insufficient nutrient intake. A BMI of 20 does not indicate malnutrition, as it is within the normal weight range.

C. Overweight: Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25–29.9. Since the client’s BMI is 20, it does not meet the criteria for overweight and does not indicate excess body fat or related health risks.

D. Obesity: Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. A BMI of 20 is well below this threshold, so the client is not classified as obese and does not face obesity-related health concerns based on BMI alone.