A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for metabolic acidosis. Which mechanism should the nurse identify as the first line of defense against changes in the pH of the blood?
acids
chemical buffers
respiratory system
renal system
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Acids contribute to pH changes but do not defend against them.
B. Chemical buffers are the first line of defense; they react immediately to neutralize excess acids or bases and help maintain pH balance.
C. The respiratory system is the second line of defense, adjusting CO₂ levels to influence pH.
D. The renal system is the third line of defense, regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, but it acts more slowly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["20"]
Explanation
Rationale:
To calculate the volume to administer, use the formula:
(Desired dose ÷ Dose on hand) × Volume on hand = Volume to administer
(500 mg ÷ 250 mg) × 10 mL = 2 × 10 mL = 20 mL
The nurse will administer 20 mL per dose.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Kidneys are the slowest to respond, so this order is incorrect.
B. Kidneys are slower than lungs, so this order is incorrect.
C. Lungs respond faster than kidneys but slower than chemical buffers, so this order is incorrect.
D. Chemical buffers act immediately to neutralize pH changes (first line), lungs adjust CO₂ levels within minutes (second line), and kidneys regulate acid-base balance over hours to days (third line), making this the correct order.
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