A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for metabolic acidosis. Which mechanism should the nurse identify as the first line of defense against changes in the pH of the blood?
acids
chemical buffers
respiratory system
renal system
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Acids contribute to pH changes but do not defend against them.
B. Chemical buffers are the first line of defense; they react immediately to neutralize excess acids or bases and help maintain pH balance.
C. The respiratory system is the second line of defense, adjusting CO₂ levels to influence pH.
D. The renal system is the third line of defense, regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, but it acts more slowly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Chloride 105 mEq/L is within the normal range (98–106 mEq/L) and does not require reporting.
B. Calcium 9.6 mEq/L is a normal calcium level (normal range: 8.5–10.5 mEq/L).
C. Sodium 151 mEq/L is above the normal sodium range (135–145 mEq/L) and indicates hypernatremia. This could affect neurological function and fluid balance, especially important to correct prior to surgery.
D. Potassium 3.8 mEq/L is within the normal range (3.5–5.0 mEq/L).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Acids contribute to pH changes but do not defend against them.
B. Chemical buffers are the first line of defense; they react immediately to neutralize excess acids or bases and help maintain pH balance.
C. The respiratory system is the second line of defense, adjusting CO₂ levels to influence pH.
D. The renal system is the third line of defense, regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, but it acts more slowly.
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