A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for metabolic acidosis. Which mechanism should the nurse identify as the first line of defense against changes in the pH of the blood?
acids
chemical buffers
respiratory system
renal system
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Acids contribute to pH changes but do not defend against them.
B. Chemical buffers are the first line of defense; they react immediately to neutralize excess acids or bases and help maintain pH balance.
C. The respiratory system is the second line of defense, adjusting CO₂ levels to influence pH.
D. The renal system is the third line of defense, regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, but it acts more slowly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Labored and decreased respirations do not describe Kussmaul breathing.
B. Kussmaul respirations are characterized by deep, rapid, and regular breathing as the body attempts to blow off CO₂ to compensate for metabolic acidosis in DKA.
C. Slow respirations are not characteristic of Kussmaul breathing.
D. Respirations that cease are apnea, unrelated to Kussmaul respirations.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Flushing is not a typical sign of metabolic alkalosis; pallor may occur, but flushing is more associated with fever or vasodilation.
B. Hyperactive reflexes can occur due to increased neuromuscular excitability associated with alkalosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to shallow, slow respirations as a compensatory response to retain CO₂.
D. Cardiac dysrhythmias may occur due to hypokalemia and electrolyte imbalances often present in metabolic alkalosis.
E. Abdominal pain is not a hallmark feature of metabolic alkalosis — it is more associated with gastrointestinal disorders like peritonitis or infections.
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