A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching is necessary? (Select 3 options that apply)

Applesauce

Pretzels

Chicken hotdog

Lemonade

Tomato juice

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

Rationale:
A. Applesauce is naturally low in sodium and is appropriate for a low-sodium diet.
B. Pretzels are typically high in sodium and should be avoided or eaten in moderation.
C. Chicken hotdogs are processed meats that contain high levels of sodium and should be avoided.
D. Lemonade is low in sodium and generally acceptable unless other health concerns are present (e.g., diabetes).
E. Tomato juice often contains added salt and is high in sodium unless specifically labeled as low-sodium.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Acids contribute to pH changes but do not defend against them.
B. Chemical buffers are the first line of defense; they react immediately to neutralize excess acids or bases and help maintain pH balance.
C. The respiratory system is the second line of defense, adjusting CO₂ levels to influence pH.
D. The renal system is the third line of defense, regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, but it acts more slowly.

A. Elevate the head of the bed to high Fowler's. B. Check the client's respiratory rate and lung sounds C. Measure the client's temperature. D. Request NPO status for the client.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Elevating the head of the bed is appropriate for respiratory distress, but the priority is to assess for signs of fluid overload.
B. The IV infused 900 mL in just 30 minutes, which is a dangerously rapid rate and can lead to fluid volume overload, especially in vulnerable clients. The nurse should assess for signs such as increased respiratory rate and crackles in the lungs, indicating pulmonary edema.
C. Measuring temperature is not the priority in this situation and does not relate directly to fluid overload.
D. NPO status does not address the immediate concern of a rapid IV infusion and its potential consequences.

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A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching is necessary? (Select 3 options that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for metabolic acidosis. Which mechanism should the nurse identify as the first line of defense against changes in the pH of the blood?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

During a change-of-shift report, a nurse sees that a client's IV bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has 900 mL of fluid left in it. The nurse makes rounds 30 min later and notes that the IV bag is empty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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