A nurse is collecting data from an infant. Which of the following sites is the most reliable location to check the infant's pulse?

Apical

Dorsalis pedis

Temporal

Carotid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Apical:

The apical pulse is the most reliable location to assess the pulse in infants. It is located at the apex of the heart, which is typically found at the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line. Assessing the apical pulse allows for a direct measure of the heart rate and rhythm, which is especially important in infants to evaluate cardiac function accurately. The apical pulse is commonly assessed using a stethoscope placed at the point of maximum impulse (PMI) on the chest.

B. Dorsalis pedis:

The dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the top of the foot, typically in the region between the first and second metatarsal bones. While the dorsalis pedis pulse can be palpated in older children and adults, it may be difficult to palpate accurately in infants, especially those with smaller or more delicate feet. Therefore, it is not the preferred site for pulse assessment in infants.

C. Temporal:

The temporal pulse is located on the side of the head, just above the ear. While the temporal pulse can be palpated in some individuals, it is not typically used to assess the pulse in infants. Palpating the temporal pulse in infants may be more challenging and less reliable compared to other pulse sites, especially given the smaller size of the temporal artery in infants.

D. Carotid:

The carotid pulse is located in the neck, alongside the trachea, and can be palpated by gently pressing the fingers against the carotid artery. While the carotid pulse is easily palpable in adults and older children, it is not typically the preferred site for pulse assessment in infants. Palpating the carotid pulse in infants carries a risk of injury to the delicate structures in the neck and may not provide an accurate representation of the pulse rate.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A room with a toddler who has pneumonia.

This option is not ideal because both RSV and pneumonia are respiratory infections that can spread to other patients. Placing these two patients together could increase the risk of cross-infection.

B. A private room with reverse isolation.

Reverse isolation is typically used to protect immunocompromised patients from acquiring infections from others. However, in the case of RSV, reverse isolation is not necessary because RSV primarily affects infants and young children who are generally not immunocompromised. Therefore, this option is not appropriate for an infant with RSV.

C. A private room with contact/droplet precautions.

This option is the most appropriate. RSV is primarily spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with respiratory secretions. Placing the infant in a private room with contact/droplet precautions helps to minimize the risk of transmission to other patients. Healthcare workers and visitors entering the room should adhere to appropriate precautions, including wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, gloves, and gowns.

D. A room with an infant who has croup.

Placing an infant with RSV in the same room as an infant with croup is not ideal because both conditions involve respiratory symptoms and may increase the risk of cross-infection.

A. Inwardly turned foot on the affected side B. Lengthened thigh on the affected side C. Absent plantar reflexes D. Asymmetric thigh folds

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

A. Inwardly turned foot on the affected side.

This finding is consistent with DDH. In infants with DDH, the affected leg may appear shortened and rotated inwardly due to hip instability or dislocation.

B. Lengthened thigh on the affected side.

This finding is not typically associated with DDH. In fact, the affected thigh may appear shortened rather than lengthened due to abnormal positioning of the hip joint.

C. Absent plantar reflexes.

Absent plantar reflexes are not directly related to DDH. Plantar reflexes assess the function of the spinal nerves in the lower extremities and are not typically affected by hip dysplasia.

D. Asymmetric thigh folds.

This finding is consistent with DDH. Asymmetric thigh folds, where one thigh appears fuller or has more skin folds compared to the other, can be indicative of hip dysplasia. The skin folds may be more prominent on the unaffected side due to the displacement of the femoral head on the affected side.

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