A nurse is caring for an infant who has spina bifida. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Onlooker play:

Onlooker play is when a child observes others playing without actively participating themselves. This type of play typically involves watching others engage in activities or play without joining in. It does not directly involve role-playing or hands-on activities to prepare a child for surgery.

B. Therapeutic play:

This is the correct answer. Therapeutic play involves using play activities to help children express their feelings, fears, and concerns about medical procedures or hospitalization. It often includes role-playing and hands-on activities such as practicing medical procedures on dolls or stuffed animals. Therapeutic play helps children become familiar with medical equipment and procedures in a non-threatening environment, reducing anxiety and promoting coping skills.

C. Cooperative play:

Cooperative play involves children playing together, interacting, and collaborating in shared activities. While cooperative play can be beneficial for social development, it does not necessarily involve role-playing or hands-on activities specific to preparing a child for surgery.

D. Play therapy:

Play therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses play to communicate with and help children express their thoughts and emotions. While play therapy can be therapeutic for children dealing with various issues, including medical procedures, it is typically facilitated by a trained therapist rather than being directly utilized to prepare a child for surgery through role-playing or hands-on activities.

Infusion rate (mL/hour) = Total volume (mL) / Total time (hours)

Given:

Child's weight: 10 kg

Ordered volume: 40 mL/kg

Total time: 4 hours

First, calculate the total volume of Lactated Ringer's solution needed:

Total volume = 40 mL/kg × 10 kg = 400 mL

Then, divide the total volume by the total time to find the infusion rate:

Infusion rate = 400 mL / 4 hours = 100 mL/hour