A nurse is monitoring a client following the insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing phlebitis at the insertion site?

Leakage of IV fluid

Blood leakage

Red streak

Purulent drainage

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. Leakage of IV fluid: Leakage of IV fluid at the insertion site suggests infiltration, not phlebitis. In infiltration, fluid escapes into surrounding tissues, leading to swelling and coolness, but not inflammation of the vein itself.

B. Blood leakage: Blood leakage is usually related to poor catheter stabilization or improper insertion, not phlebitis. It does not indicate inflammation or irritation of the vein wall, which are hallmark signs of phlebitis.

C. Red streak: A red streak following the path of the vein is a classic sign of phlebitis. It indicates inflammation of the vein wall and is often accompanied by pain, warmth, and swelling along the vein.

D. Purulent drainage: Purulent drainage is a sign of infection rather than phlebitis. While phlebitis can lead to infection if untreated, purulent drainage points to a more serious complication involving bacterial growth.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Attempt to extinguish the fire before evacuating clients: The priority is client safety. Attempting to extinguish a fire should only be done if the fire is small, contained, and the area has been cleared. Evacuation takes precedence over suppression efforts.

B. Aim the spray of the fire extinguisher at the top of the fire: The correct technique is to aim at the base of the fire to effectively cut off the fuel source. Aiming at the top will not extinguish the fire and may waste the extinguisher’s contents.

C. Open nearby doors and windows when the fire alarm sounds: Opening doors and windows can cause the fire to spread more rapidly by feeding it with oxygen. Doors should remain closed to help contain the fire and reduce the spread of smoke.

D. Have ambulatory clients walk independently to a safe location: Encouraging ambulatory clients to move independently helps prioritize assistance for those who are immobile or require more support. This approach ensures a quicker, safer evacuation process.

A. Put a simple lock on the client's bedroom door. B. Give the client a barbiturate medication at bedtime. C. Encourage the client to take frequent walks during the day. D. Allow the client to nap for at least 1 hr during the day.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Put a simple lock on the client's bedroom door: Locking the client's door could pose a safety risk, especially in the event of an emergency such as a fire. It also restricts the client's autonomy and may increase confusion or agitation in clients with Alzheimer's disease.

B. Give the client a barbiturate medication at bedtime: Barbiturates are not recommended for older adults due to their sedating effects and risk of dependence, falls, and worsening cognitive function. Non-pharmacologic strategies are preferred first in managing sleep disturbances.

C. Encourage the client to take frequent walks during the day: Physical activity during the day helps reduce nighttime restlessness and improve sleep patterns. Walking can also help regulate circadian rhythms, promote relaxation, and reduce wandering behavior at night.

D. Allow the client to nap for at least 1 hr during the day: Long daytime naps may disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, worsening insomnia and nighttime wandering. Limiting daytime napping and encouraging activity is more effective in promoting restful nighttime sleep.

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A nurse is monitoring a client following the insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing phlebitis at the insertion site?

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