A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to include to promote emotional comfort for the client?

Encourage the client to verbalize their needs and concerns.

Limit time spent with client.

Ask the client to splint the incision when coughing.

Administer pain medications as prescribed.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Encouraging verbalization allows the client to express fears, anxieties, and emotional needs. This is a core component of emotional comfort. When clients feel heard and supported, it reduces stress and promotes overall well-being, which can improve recovery outcomes.

B. Limiting interactions with a client may increase feelings of isolation, anxiety, and emotional distress. This approach does not promote emotional comfort and may hinder trust and therapeutic rapport.

C. Splinting the incision is a physical comfort intervention, not an emotional one. It helps reduce pain and prevents wound complications, but it does not directly address emotional needs.

D. Providing pain relief is important for physical comfort, which can indirectly affect emotional well-being. However, the question specifically asks for interventions that promote emotional comfort, so this is supportive but not the primary emotional intervention.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A cool shower may actually be stimulating and reduce the body’s natural drop in core temperature, which is necessary to initiate sleep. A warm shower or bath is recommended because it promotes relaxation and a gradual decline in body temperature that facilitates sleep onset.

B. Going to bed only when sleepy and leaving the bed if unable to fall asleep (to engage in relaxing activities such as listening to soft music) helps prevent negative associations with the bed and promotes healthy sleep hygiene. This approach is consistent with cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) techniques and encourages the client to associate the bed with sleep rather than frustration or wakefulness.

C. Limiting daytime naps to 20–30 minutes is recommended to avoid interference with nighttime sleep. Naps longer than 30 minutes, even if limited to 1 hour, can reduce sleep drive and make it harder to fall asleep at night.

D. Exercising too close to bedtime, especially vigorous activity within 1–2 hours of sleep, can be stimulating and delay sleep onset. Moderate exercise is beneficial for sleep but should be done earlier in the day to avoid interference with the natural sleep-wake cycle.

A. Increased ghrelin production B. Increased leptin production C. Decreased hypocretin levels D. Decreased melatonin levels

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite. Higher ghrelin levels are associated with increased hunger and caloric intake. Sleep deprivation increases ghrelin, which can contribute to weight gain. Therefore, increasing sleep would decrease ghrelin, not increase it, and help reduce weight gain.

B. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose (fat) tissue that signals satiety to the brain and suppresses appetite. Adequate sleep helps maintain normal leptin levels, which can reduce overeating and help prevent weight gain. This makes increased leptin production a beneficial effect of improving sleep for clients with insomnia and recent weight gain.

C. Hypocretin (also called orexin) is a neuropeptide that promotes wakefulness and alertness. While excessive wakefulness can contribute to sleep problems, decreasing hypocretin is not a primary mechanism for controlling weight gain. Disrupting hypocretin can actually cause sleepiness and may have other metabolic consequences.

D. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Sleep increases melatonin secretion rather than decreasing it. Reduced melatonin is associated with insomnia and circadian rhythm disruption. Therefore, decreased melatonin would not be beneficial for sleep or weight control.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to include to promote emotional comfort for the client?

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