A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include about preventing the spread of the infection?

Clean blood-contaminated surfaces with bleach.

Buy disposable dishes for daily use.

Wash soiled clothes in cold water.

Use condoms with a petroleum-based lubricant.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Clean blood-contaminated surfaces with bleach: HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood. Using a bleach solution to disinfect blood-contaminated surfaces effectively kills the virus, making this an essential infection-prevention measure.

B. Buy disposable dishes for daily use: HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or shared dishes, utensils, or food. Encouraging disposable dishes is unnecessary and does not contribute to infection prevention.

C. Wash soiled clothes in cold water: HIV is not transmitted through clothing or laundry. Additionally, washing in cold water is less effective at removing pathogens; hot water with detergent is preferred for general hygiene, but special precautions for HIV are not required.

D. Use condoms with a petroleum-based lubricant: Petroleum-based lubricants can degrade latex condoms, increasing the risk of breakage. Clients should use water-based or silicone-based lubricants with condoms to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Place a warm, wet washcloth over your child's forehead and the bridge of their nose.": Applying warmth to the forehead or bridge of the nose is not effective for controlling active anterior epistaxis. Cold compresses may help constrict blood vessels, but pressure at the nasal septum is the primary intervention.

B. "Use your thumb and forefinger to apply pressure to the sides of your child's nose.": Direct pressure on the anterior portion of the nose, just below the nasal bone, compresses the Kiesselbach plexus where most pediatric nosebleeds originate. Maintaining pressure for 10–15 minutes while the child leans forward promotes hemostasis and prevents aspiration of blood.

C. "Tell your child to blow their nose gently, and then sit down and tilt their head backward.": Blowing the nose can dislodge clots and worsen bleeding, and tilting the head backward increases the risk of blood entering the oropharynx, potentially causing nausea or airway compromise.

D. "Have your child lie down and turn their head to the side for 10 minutes.": Lying down does not use gravity to prevent blood from entering the throat effectively, and tilting the head sideways may not provide adequate compression to stop bleeding. Upright positioning with forward tilt is recommended.

A. Teach the client to keep the cast clean and dry. B. Palpate the pulse distal to the cast. C. Position the casted extremity on a pillow. D. Place an ice pack over the cast.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Teach the client to keep the cast clean and dry: While client education is important, it is not the immediate priority. Ensuring neurovascular integrity takes precedence over teaching after cast application.

B. Palpate the pulse distal to the cast: Assessing circulation, sensation, and movement distal to the cast is the first action to identify potential complications such as compartment syndrome or impaired perfusion. Early detection of neurovascular compromise is critical to prevent tissue damage.

C. Position the casted extremity on a pillow: Elevating the extremity helps reduce edema and discomfort, but it is secondary to assessing distal circulation to ensure the extremity is receiving adequate blood flow.

D. Place an ice pack over the cast: Applying ice can decrease swelling and pain; however, neurovascular assessment must be completed first to ensure that cold therapy does not mask or worsen compromised circulation.

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A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include about preventing the spread of the infection?

Nursing Test Bank

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