A nurse is preparing to administer amantadine 150 mg PO every 12 hr. The available medication is amantadine 50 mg/5 mL syrup.

How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

Choice A rationale:

The client’s reported behavior of using laxatives and inducing vomiting after eating can lead to a condition known as hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is a condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood. This condition can be caused by poor intake, excessive loss, or movement of magnesium from the blood into less accessible locations. The use of laxatives can lead to excessive loss of magnesium through increased bowel movements. Similarly, self-induced vomiting can also result in a loss of magnesium. Therefore, the client’s behavior puts them at risk for developing hypomagnesemia.

Choice B rationale:

Renal failure, also known as kidney failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. While the use of laxatives and self-induced vomiting can lead to dehydration, which can strain the kidneys, these behaviors are not directly associated with renal failure. Therefore, while it’s possible for the client to develop kidney problems, it’s less likely compared to hypomagnesemia.

Choice C rationale:

Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. This condition can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue, and other symptoms. While severe electrolyte imbalances, such as those that might result from the use of laxatives and self-induced vomiting, can affect heart function, they would typically result in arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) rather than heart failure. Therefore, it’s less likely for the client to develop heart failure based on the behaviors described.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces and releases too much thyroid hormone. This condition can cause symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety. The client’s behaviors of using laxatives and inducing vomiting after eating do not directly influence the production of thyroid hormones. Therefore, it’s less likely for the client to develop hyperthyroidism based on the behaviors described.

Choice A rationale:

Intrusive and judgmental: Asking "Why did you wear clean clothes and comb your hair today?" directly challenges the client's behavior and implies that she needs to justify her actions. This can make the client feel defensive and less likely to open up.

Focuses on the past: The directs attention to the client's previous lack of self-care, which can reinforce negative feelings and discourage progress.

Assumes motivation: It presumes that the client made a conscious decision to change her appearance based on a specific reason, which may not be accurate and can invalidate her experience.

Choice B rationale:

Presumptuous and premature: Concluding that "Your mood must be lifting because you have on clean clothes and have combed your hair" makes assumptions about the client's internal state without proper assessment.

Oversimplifies depression: It suggests that improvements in self-care directly equate to mood improvement, which disregards the complexity of depression and its varied manifestations.

Can create pressure: The statement can inadvertently pressure the client to feel or act a certain way to meet the nurse's expectations, hindering genuine progress.

Choice D rationale:

Paternalistic and condescending: Expressing "Oh, I'm so pleased that you finally put on clean clothes" implies that the nurse has been waiting for or expecting this change, placing the nurse in a position of authority and potentially undermining the client's autonomy.

Focuses on the nurse's feelings: The statement centers on the nurse's approval rather than acknowledging the client's efforts and perspective.

Can reinforce dependency: It can foster a dynamic where the client seeks external validation for her actions, rather than developing internal motivation for self-care.

Choice C rationale:

Observational and non-judgmental: The statement "I see that you have on clean clothes and have combed your hair" simply acknowledges the client's actions without imposing any interpretation or judgment.

Invites conversation: It provides an opportunity for the client to elaborate on her choices if she feels comfortable, promoting autonomy and self-expression.

Validates effort: It subtly recognizes the client's efforts without explicitly praising or criticizing, fostering a sense of self- efficacy and encouraging continued self-care.

Demonstrates active listening: It shows that the nurse has been paying attention to the client's progress, which can strengthen the therapeutic relationship and build trust.