A nurse is preparing to administer heparin IV to a patient with a deep vein thrombosis. Before administration, which item is essential to have readily available at the bedside and why?
Calcium gluconate, because it prevents heparin-induced hypocalcemia.
Protamine sulfate, because it is the antidote used to reverse heparin in case of overdose or excessive bleeding.
Atropine, because it counteracts bradycardia that may occur with heparin use.
Vitamin K, because it reverses the effects of heparin if bleeding occurs.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Calcium gluconate, because it prevents heparin-induced hypocalcemia: Heparin does not cause hypocalcemia. Calcium gluconate is used for conditions like hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker toxicity, not for heparin administration.
B. Protamine sulfate, because it is the antidote used to reverse heparin in case of overdose or excessive bleeding: Protamine sulfate binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effect. Having it available ensures rapid intervention if the patient develops heparin-induced bleeding or anticoagulation complications.
C. Atropine, because it counteracts bradycardia that may occur with heparin use: Heparin does not typically cause bradycardia. Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia, not as a standard precaution for anticoagulant therapy.
D. Vitamin K, because it reverses the effects of heparin if bleeding occurs: Vitamin K reverses the effects of warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, but it does not affect heparin activity. Using it would not correct heparin-induced anticoagulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Calcium gluconate, because it prevents heparin-induced hypocalcemia: Heparin does not cause hypocalcemia. Calcium gluconate is used for conditions like hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker toxicity, not for heparin administration.
B. Protamine sulfate, because it is the antidote used to reverse heparin in case of overdose or excessive bleeding: Protamine sulfate binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effect. Having it available ensures rapid intervention if the patient develops heparin-induced bleeding or anticoagulation complications.
C. Atropine, because it counteracts bradycardia that may occur with heparin use: Heparin does not typically cause bradycardia. Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia, not as a standard precaution for anticoagulant therapy.
D. Vitamin K, because it reverses the effects of heparin if bleeding occurs: Vitamin K reverses the effects of warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, but it does not affect heparin activity. Using it would not correct heparin-induced anticoagulation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Calculation:
- Identify the ordered dose and available concentration
Ordered Dose: 2 mg
Available Concentration: 4 mg/2 mL
- Calculate the volume to administer
Volume to administer = (Ordered Dose ÷ Available Dose) × Volume of Concentration
Volume to administer = (2 ÷ 4) × 2
Volume to administer = 0.5 × 2
= 1 mL
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