Convert 3:45 PM to 24-hour time.

A. By mouth: "PO" (per os) is a Latin abbreviation indicating that the medication should be taken orally and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. This is the most common and convenient route for many medications.

B. Intravenously: Intravenous administration involves delivering medication directly into a vein, bypassing the digestive system.

C. Topically: Topical administration refers to applying medication directly to the skin or mucous membranes for local effect.

D. Buccally: Buccal administration involves placing the medication between the gums and cheek for absorption through oral mucosa. While still oral, it is distinct from swallowing, which "PO" specifies.

A. Twice daily: Twice-daily dosing is abbreviated as BID and indicates medication administration every 12 hours. QID specifically refers to a higher frequency and should not be confused with BID. Accurate interpretation is essential to prevent underdosing.

B. Three times daily: Three-times-daily dosing is abbreviated as TID and typically corresponds to every 8 hours. Confusing TID with QID may lead to missed doses and subtherapeutic drug levels. Medication timing directly affects pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness.

C. Four times daily: QID is the standard abbreviation for administering a medication four times per day, usually spaced evenly across waking hours. This dosing schedule is often used for drugs requiring consistent serum levels. Correct interpretation supports medication safety and efficacy.

D. Every other day: Every-other-day dosing is abbreviated as QOD and represents a much lower frequency. Misinterpreting QID as QOD could result in significant treatment failure. Precise understanding of abbreviations is a core medication safety principle.