A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client who has cardiovascular disease. The nurse should identify that which of following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will use canola oil when making salad dressing."

"I will drink whole milk with my cereal."

"I will increase my intake of canned vegetables."

"I will limit my portions of meat to 8 ounces."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "I will use canola oil when making salad dressing.":
Canola oil is a good choice for clients with cardiovascular disease as it is low in saturated fats and high in monounsaturated fats, which can help improve lipid profiles and reduce the risk of heart disease. This choice aligns with dietary recommendations to use healthier fats.

B. "I will drink whole milk with my cereal.":
Whole milk is high in saturated fats, which can contribute to elevated cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Clients with cardiovascular issues are typically advised to choose lower-fat or fat-free dairy products to help manage their condition.

C. "I will increase my intake of canned vegetables.":
Canned vegetables often contain high levels of sodium, which can contribute to hypertension and worsen cardiovascular disease. It's generally recommended to choose fresh or frozen vegetables with no added salt or to look for low-sodium canned options.

D. "I will limit my portions of meat to 8 ounces.":
While portion control is important, the focus should be on the type of meat consumed. For cardiovascular health, it's advisable to choose lean meats and to limit red and processed meats, rather than just focusing on portion size. A more heart-healthy approach would involve incorporating more plant-based proteins and lean poultry or fish.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Oxygen saturation 95%:
An oxygen saturation of 95% indicates adequate oxygenation and does not necessarily provide information about the effectiveness of dopamine in treating hypovolemic shock. Oxygen saturation is generally within normal range and does not directly influence the decision to adjust dopamine dosage.

B. Respiratory rate 14/min:
A respiratory rate of 14/min is within the normal range for adults and does not indicate a need to increase dopamine dosage. Respiratory rate alone is not a direct measure of the effectiveness of dopamine in managing shock.

C. Blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg:
A blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg is indicative of hypotension, which is a critical concern in hypovolemic shock. If the client's blood pressure remains low despite dopamine infusion, it may signal that the dosage is insufficient to improve perfusion and maintain adequate blood pressure. Increasing the dopamine dosage can help to achieve better hemodynamic stability.

D. Heart rate 60/min:
A heart rate of 60/min is considered bradycardic but not immediately concerning unless accompanied by symptoms of poor perfusion or hypotension. Dopamine is used to improve blood pressure and cardiac output rather than directly address heart rate alone. If the blood pressure is low, increasing the dopamine dosage would be more appropriate than focusing on heart rate.

A. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min. B. Teach the client a breathing exercise with a longer inhalation phase. C. Encourage use of incentive spirometry for 5 min every 2 hr. D. Limit fluid intake to 1,000 ml. per day.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Administer oxygen at 2 L/min:
Administering oxygen at a low flow rate of 2 L/min is appropriate for a client with emphysema. This helps maintain adequate oxygen levels without suppressing the client's respiratory drive, which can be sensitive to higher oxygen concentrations due to chronic hypercapnia.

B) Teach the client a breathing exercise with a longer inhalation phase:
Breathing exercises for clients with emphysema typically focus on prolonging the exhalation phase rather than inhalation. Pursed-lip breathing, for example, helps to prevent airway collapse and promotes more effective gas exchange.

C) Encourage use of incentive spirometry for 5 min every 2 hr:
Incentive spirometry is beneficial for preventing atelectasis and promoting lung expansion, but it is not typically the primary intervention for managing emphysema, which is characterized by obstructed airflow and hyperinflation of the lungs. This tool is more commonly used postoperatively or in clients with restrictive lung conditions.

D) Limit fluid intake to 1,000 ml. per day:
Fluid restriction is generally not recommended for clients with emphysema unless there is another condition, such as heart failure, that warrants such a measure. Adequate hydration helps thin mucus, making it easier for clients with chronic lung conditions to clear their airways.

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A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client who has cardiovascular disease. The nurse should identify that which of following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in the emergency department is monitoring a client who is receiving dopamine to treat hypovolemic shock. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication for increasing the client's dopamine dosage?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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