A nurse is providing education to a student nurse on how carbidopa levodopa controls symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. The nurse will identify which of the following as the pharmacologic effects

Increases the availability of acetylcholine in the brain

Increases the availability of serotonin in the brain.

Increases the availability of dopamine in the brain

Increases the availability of norepinephrine in the brain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increases the availability of acetylcholine in the brain: Carbidopa-levodopa does not increase acetylcholine. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a relative excess of acetylcholine compared with dopamine, and treatment aims to restore dopamine, not acetylcholine levels.

B. Increases the availability of serotonin in the brain: Carbidopa-levodopa does not affect serotonin levels. Its mechanism is specific to dopamine replacement to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease.

C. Increases the availability of dopamine in the brain: Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, replenishing the deficient neurotransmitter in Parkinson’s disease. Carbidopa inhibits peripheral conversion of levodopa, increasing dopamine availability centrally and reducing side effects like nausea.

D. Increases the availability of norepinephrine in the brain: Carbidopa-levodopa does not directly increase norepinephrine. Its therapeutic effect is primarily through enhancing central dopamine concentrations to improve motor symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Passive artificial:Passive artificial immunity occurs when antibodies are given through injections, such as immune globulin. Immunity develops immediately but is temporary and does not involve the person’s own immune response.

B. Active natural:Active natural immunity develops after exposure to a pathogen through natural infection, such as having chicken pox. The body produces its own antibodies and memory cells, providing long-term protection.

C. Active artificial:Active artificial immunity is acquired through vaccination, where antigens are introduced to stimulate antibody production without causing the disease. This is not applicable since the patient had the actual infection.

D. Passive natural:Passive natural immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred naturally, such as from mother to fetus through the placenta or through breast milk. This does not apply to immunity gained from having chicken pox.

A. I will not bother to check the expiration date of my acetaminophen medication before taking it B. OTC medications are safe enough not to need a doctor's prescription so taking a little more than the bottle says can help with severe pain. C. I will mix my acetaminophen with alcohol to enhance its pain-relieving effects D. I will check the labels of my other over the counter medications to ensure I am not consuming multiple products containing acetaminophen

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. I will not bother to check the expiration date of my acetaminophen medication before taking it:Taking expired medications can reduce effectiveness or increase the risk of adverse effects. Checking the expiration date is an important safety practice.

B. OTC medications are safe enough not to need a doctor's prescription so taking a little more than the bottle says can help with severe pain:Exceeding the recommended dose of acetaminophen can lead to hepatotoxicity and liver failure. Following dosing instructions is essential for safety.

C. I will mix my acetaminophen with alcohol to enhance its pain-relieving effects:Alcohol combined with acetaminophen greatly increases the risk of liver damage. These substances should never be taken together.

D. I will check the labels of my other over-the-counter medications to ensure I am not consuming multiple products containing acetaminophen:Many combination cold, flu, or pain medications contain acetaminophen. Checking labels prevents accidental overdose, supporting safe use and demonstrating appropriate patient understanding.

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A nurse is providing education to a student nurse on how carbidopa levodopa controls symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. The nurse will identify which of the following as the pharmacologic effects

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is undergoing a physical and reveals a history of chicken pox. The doctor states he doesn't need a vaccine for chicken pox anymore since he has already been exposed to the disease. What type of immunity does this describe?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client is prescribed acetaminophen for pain management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of safe acetaminophen use?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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