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A patient and the nurse are discussing treatment options for the patient's newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Which of the statements below demonstrates appropriate education for this patient.

"We will be prescribing an oral antidiabetic medication to help your body utilize your insulin more effectively to reduce your blood glucose."

"Your pancreas does not produce its own insulin so we will be replacing it with an injectable form to reduce your blood glucose levels."

"Since you will be taking insulin, the need for exercise is reduced since your blood glucose will be lowered with your medication.

“Taking your levothyroxine every day at the same time in the morning will help lower your blood sugar more effectively."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "We will be prescribing an oral antidiabetic medication to help your body utilize your insulin more effectively to reduce your blood glucose.": Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and sometimes decreased insulin production. Oral antidiabetic medications, such as metformin or sulfonylureas, improve insulin sensitivity or stimulate insulin release, helping to lower blood glucose.

B. "Your pancreas does not produce its own insulin so we will be replacing it with an injectable form to reduce your blood glucose levels.": This description applies to type 1 diabetes, where insulin production is absent. Type 2 diabetes patients usually produce insulin but have insulin resistance, so oral medications are often first-line therapy.

C. "Since you will be taking insulin, the need for exercise is reduced since your blood glucose will be lowered with your medication.": Exercise remains a critical component of type 2 diabetes management, regardless of medication use. Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health, so suggesting it is unnecessary is incorrect.

D. “Taking your levothyroxine every day at the same time in the morning will help lower your blood sugar more effectively.": Levothyroxine is used for hypothyroidism and does not lower blood glucose. This statement is unrelated to diabetes management and demonstrates a misunderstanding of medication purpose.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Anemia: Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement used to treat iron-deficiency anemia. It provides the iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis, which increases red blood cell production and improves oxygen-carrying capacity.

B. Hypertension: Ferrous sulfate has no effect on blood pressure. Antihypertensive medications, such as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers, are used to manage hypertension.

C. Hyperthyroidism: Ferrous sulfate does not treat thyroid disorders. Hyperthyroidism requires medications that regulate thyroid hormone production, such as methimazole or propylthiouracil.

D. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Ferrous sulfate is not indicated for autoimmune or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics are typically used instead.

A. The oral route has lower bioavailability compared to IV administration since it has to be metabolized by the liver, necessitating a higher dose to achieve the desired effect B. The IV route has decreased absorption compared to the oral route, necessitating a higher oral dose for equivalent effect. C. The oral route provides more rapid onset of action compared to IV administration, requiring a higher dose for sustained effect D. The oral route bypasses hepatic metabolism, leading to quicker clearance and necessitating a higher dose for sustained effect.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The oral route has lower bioavailability compared to IV administration since it has to be metabolized by the liver, necessitating a higher dose to achieve the desired effect:Nitroglycerin undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver when taken orally, reducing the amount that reaches systemic circulation. As a result, a higher oral dose is required to achieve the same therapeutic effect as an IV dose, which bypasses hepatic metabolism.

B. The IV route has decreased absorption compared to the oral route, necessitating a higher oral dose for equivalent effect:IV administration delivers the medication directly into the bloodstream, providing 100% bioavailability. Absorption is not decreased with IV use; oral absorption is actually less efficient due to first-pass metabolism.

C. The oral route provides more rapid onset of action compared to IV administration, requiring a higher dose for sustained effect:IV nitroglycerin acts almost immediately, whereas oral nitroglycerin has a slower onset due to absorption and first-pass metabolism. Rapid onset is not the reason for higher oral dosing; it is the lower systemic availability.

D. The oral route bypasses hepatic metabolism, leading to faster clearance and necessitating a higher dose for sustained effect:Oral medications do not bypass hepatic metabolism; they undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver, which reduces bioavailability. This is why the oral dose must be higher, not due to faster clearance.

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A patient and the nurse are discussing treatment options for the patient's newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Which of the statements below demonstrates appropriate education for this patient.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer ferrous sulfate to a patient. For which condition is the nurse administering this medication for?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerine IV and is switching to the oral form of the medication. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be higher than the IV dose for which of the following reasons?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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