A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents about malignant renal and intra-abdominal cancers of childhood. The nurse should include that which of the following cancers is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor of childhood?

Ewing sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Neuroblastoma

Wilms’ tumor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Ewing sarcoma is a bone or soft tissue malignancy, not primarily a renal or intra-abdominal tumor. It affects bones or soft tissues, causing pain or swelling, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children, making Ewing sarcoma an incorrect choice for this context.

Choice B reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, typically affecting long bones, not the kidneys or intra-abdominal organs. It presents with bone pain or fractures, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor, a renal malignancy, is the most common in this category, making osteosarcoma irrelevant to renal or intra-abdominal cancers.

Choice C reason: Neuroblastoma, an intra-abdominal malignancy, arises from neural crest cells, often in the adrenal glands, causing abdominal masses. While common, it is less frequent than Wilms’ tumor in the renal/intra-abdominal category. Wilms’ tumor’s higher incidence in children makes neuroblastoma a less accurate choice for the most common tumor.

Choice D reason: Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor in children, originating in the kidney and presenting as a painless abdominal mass. Its embryonal origin and high incidence in young children make it the primary focus in teaching about pediatric renal malignancies, distinguishing it from other cancers.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Acute appendicitis typically causes right lower quadrant pain due to inflammation of the appendix, often at McBurney’s point. Left lower quadrant pain is associated with conditions like diverticulitis, not appendicitis. The anatomical location of the appendix makes this an incorrect expected finding in a child with appendicitis.

Choice B reason: Bradycardia is not typical in acute appendicitis, which often causes tachycardia due to pain, inflammation, or fever from infection. The body’s stress response increases heart rate to meet metabolic demands. Leukocytosis is a more specific sign, making bradycardia an incorrect expected finding in this condition.

Choice C reason: Hyperactive bowel sounds occur early in appendicitis but progress to hypoactive sounds as inflammation worsens, causing ileus. By the time of acute presentation, bowel sounds are typically diminished. Elevated WBC is a more consistent finding, reflecting infection, making hyperactive sounds less likely in advanced appendicitis.

Choice D reason: A WBC of 17,000/mm³ indicates leukocytosis, a hallmark of acute appendicitis due to bacterial infection and inflammation of the appendix. Neutrophil elevation reflects the body’s immune response to localized peritonitis. This is an expected finding, as it confirms the infectious process, requiring urgent surgical evaluation in children.

A. Droplet infection precautions B. Indirect transmission precautions C. Airborne infection precautions D. Contact precautions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Droplet precautions are used for diseases like influenza, spread by large respiratory droplets over short distances. Varicella is transmitted via airborne particles and direct contact, requiring airborne precautions with negative pressure rooms to prevent viral spread, making droplet precautions insufficient for this highly contagious infection.

Choice B reason: Indirect transmission precautions are not a standard category; contact precautions address indirect spread via fomites. Varicella spreads primarily through airborne routes and direct contact, requiring airborne precautions with specialized ventilation. This option is incorrect, as it does not fully address varicella’s transmission modes in a hospital setting.

Choice C reason: Varicella (chickenpox) is highly contagious, spread via airborne viral particles and direct contact. Airborne precautions, including negative pressure rooms and N95 masks, prevent inhalation of infectious aerosols. This is essential in hospitals to protect patients and staff, making it the correct precaution for a child with active varicella.

Choice D reason: Contact precautions address direct or fomite transmission, as in MRSA. Varicella requires airborne precautions due to its primary spread via respiratory aerosols. While contact precautions are relevant, they are insufficient alone, as airborne transmission is the dominant mode, making this an incomplete precaution for varicella.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents about malignant renal and intra-abdominal cancers of childhood. The nurse should include that which of the following cancers is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor of childhood?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a child who has acute appendicitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A hospitalized child has varicella. The nurse arranges for which type of infection precautions?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute diarrhea and reports that he is thirsty. Which of the following fluids should the nurse give the child?

Which instructions should the nurse give parents about caring for a child with acute glomerulonephritis with edema?

A nurse is collecting data from a 1-year-old child who has Wilms’ tumor. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Parents have adopted a child with the diagnosis of kwashiorkor. What is most likely to be observed when assessing this child? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse’s priority?

Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

What condition does the nurse suspect when a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, and headaches in the morning?

Regular insulin is considered: