A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents about malignant renal and intra-abdominal cancers of childhood. The nurse should include that which of the following cancers is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor of childhood?

Ewing sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Neuroblastoma

Wilms’ tumor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Ewing sarcoma is a bone or soft tissue malignancy, not primarily a renal or intra-abdominal tumor. It affects bones or soft tissues, causing pain or swelling, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children, making Ewing sarcoma an incorrect choice for this context.

Choice B reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, typically affecting long bones, not the kidneys or intra-abdominal organs. It presents with bone pain or fractures, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor, a renal malignancy, is the most common in this category, making osteosarcoma irrelevant to renal or intra-abdominal cancers.

Choice C reason: Neuroblastoma, an intra-abdominal malignancy, arises from neural crest cells, often in the adrenal glands, causing abdominal masses. While common, it is less frequent than Wilms’ tumor in the renal/intra-abdominal category. Wilms’ tumor’s higher incidence in children makes neuroblastoma a less accurate choice for the most common tumor.

Choice D reason: Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor in children, originating in the kidney and presenting as a painless abdominal mass. Its embryonal origin and high incidence in young children make it the primary focus in teaching about pediatric renal malignancies, distinguishing it from other cancers.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Feeding slowly in pyloric stenosis reduces gastric pressure, minimizing vomiting due to pyloric obstruction from hypertrophied muscle. Slow administration allows small amounts to pass the narrowed pylorus, decreasing reflux and aspiration risk. This intervention supports nutrition delivery, making it a critical nursing action for infants with this condition.

Choice B reason: Thinning formula with water is not recommended in pyloric stenosis, as it reduces caloric density, worsening malnutrition in infants already limited by vomiting. Standard or slightly thickened formula aids retention. Slow feeding and burping are prioritized to manage obstruction, making thinned formula an incorrect intervention for this condition.

Choice C reason: Burping before and during feeding in pyloric stenosis reduces gastric air, decreasing pressure on the obstructed pylorus and minimizing vomiting. This promotes formula retention, reducing aspiration risk. Frequent burping is a standard intervention, supporting effective feeding and nutrition in infants with this hypertrophic condition, making it appropriate.

Choice D reason: Positioning on the left side after feeding is not standard for pyloric stenosis, as right-side or upright positioning better reduces reflux by gravity. Left-side positioning may increase vomiting risk due to pyloric obstruction. Slow feeding and burping are prioritized, making this an incorrect intervention for managing feeding.

Choice E reason: Refeeding after vomiting in pyloric stenosis risks overfilling the stomach, exacerbating vomiting and aspiration due to pyloric obstruction. Small, frequent feedings are preferred to minimize gastric pressure. Slow feeding and burping reduce vomiting, making refeeding an inappropriate intervention, as it does not address the underlying obstruction.

A. Edematous abdomen B. Thick, oily hair C. Hyperactivity D. Slowed growth E. White streak in hair

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Kwashiorkor, a protein-energy malnutrition, causes hypoalbuminemia, reducing oncotic pressure and leading to fluid leakage into tissues, particularly the abdomen, causing edema. This is a hallmark sign, reflecting severe protein deficiency, impairing liver albumin synthesis and causing ascites, commonly observed in children with this condition.

Choice B reason: Thick, oily hair is not characteristic of kwashiorkor, which causes thin, brittle hair due to protein deficiency impairing keratin synthesis. Hair may appear discolored or sparse, but not thick or oily. Edema and growth issues are more typical, making this an incorrect finding for kwashiorkor.

Choice C reason: Hyperactivity is not associated with kwashiorkor, which causes lethargy due to severe protein-energy deficiency, reducing metabolic capacity and energy levels. Children appear apathetic, not hyperactive. Edema and slowed growth are hallmark signs, making hyperactivity an incorrect manifestation of this malnutrition condition.

Choice D reason: Slowed growth is a hallmark of kwashiorkor, as protein deficiency impairs tissue synthesis and growth hormone function, leading to stunting. Inadequate amino acids hinder cell division and muscle development, making growth retardation a common finding in affected children, reflecting the disease’s impact on development.

Choice E reason: A white streak in hair (flag sign) occurs in kwashiorkor due to intermittent protein deficiency, disrupting melanin and keratin synthesis during hair growth. This results in alternating bands of discolored hair, a classic sign of malnutrition, reflecting periods of inadequate protein intake in affected children.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents about malignant renal and intra-abdominal cancers of childhood. The nurse should include that which of the following cancers is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor of childhood?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What interventions will the nurse perform when feeding a child with pyloric stenosis? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

Parents have adopted a child with the diagnosis of kwashiorkor. What is most likely to be observed when assessing this child? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with nephrosis. Symptoms that are characteristic of nephrosis include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is collecting data from a child who has acute lead poisoning. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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The nurse planning care for a child with nephrotic syndrome knows the classification of medication used to reduce edema in nephrotic syndrome is:

A child is brought to the pediatric clinic because he has been vomiting for the past 2 days. What acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect to occur from this persistent vomiting?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?