A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents about malignant renal and intra-abdominal cancers of childhood. The nurse should include that which of the following cancers is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor of childhood?
Ewing sarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Wilms’ tumor
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Ewing sarcoma is a bone or soft tissue malignancy, not primarily a renal or intra-abdominal tumor. It affects bones or soft tissues, causing pain or swelling, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children, making Ewing sarcoma an incorrect choice for this context.
Choice B reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, typically affecting long bones, not the kidneys or intra-abdominal organs. It presents with bone pain or fractures, not abdominal masses. Wilms’ tumor, a renal malignancy, is the most common in this category, making osteosarcoma irrelevant to renal or intra-abdominal cancers.
Choice C reason: Neuroblastoma, an intra-abdominal malignancy, arises from neural crest cells, often in the adrenal glands, causing abdominal masses. While common, it is less frequent than Wilms’ tumor in the renal/intra-abdominal category. Wilms’ tumor’s higher incidence in children makes neuroblastoma a less accurate choice for the most common tumor.
Choice D reason: Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant renal and intra-abdominal tumor in children, originating in the kidney and presenting as a painless abdominal mass. Its embryonal origin and high incidence in young children make it the primary focus in teaching about pediatric renal malignancies, distinguishing it from other cancers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: A positive antistreptolysin titer suggests post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, not nephrosis (minimal change disease). Nephrosis is typically idiopathic, not infection-related, and lacks streptococcal association. Edema and proteinuria are hallmark features due to hypoalbuminemia, making this an incorrect characteristic for nephrosis, as it reflects a different renal pathology.
Choice B reason: Bacteriuria indicates urinary tract infection, not a characteristic of nephrosis, which involves sterile proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Infections may occur as complications due to immunosuppression, but bacteriuria is not a primary feature. Edema and proteinuria define nephrosis, making bacteriuria an incorrect symptom for this condition.
Choice C reason: Edema is a hallmark of nephrosis, resulting from massive proteinuria causing hypoalbuminemia, reducing plasma oncotic pressure. Fluid leaks into interstitial spaces, causing periorbital or generalized edema. This is a primary symptom, reflecting the pathophysiological fluid shift, making it a key characteristic in children with nephrosis.
Choice D reason: Massive proteinuria is a defining feature of nephrosis, particularly minimal change disease, where glomerular damage allows excessive protein filtration. This leads to hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Proteinuria is a core diagnostic criterion, making it a characteristic symptom essential for identifying and managing nephrosis in children.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diminished peristalsis is a hallmark of Hirschsprung’s disease, caused by absent ganglion cells in the colon, leading to impaired peristalsis and functional obstruction. This results in fecal retention, constipation, and narrowed stools, as the aganglionic segment fails to propel intestinal contents, making diminished peristalsis a key expected finding in affected children.
Choice B reason: Failure to thrive is common in Hirschsprung’s disease due to chronic constipation and nutrient malabsorption from intestinal obstruction. Inadequate caloric intake and energy expenditure from discomfort impair growth, making this a typical finding, reflecting the disease’s impact on nutrition and development in young children.
Choice C reason: Vomiting occurs in Hirschsprung’s disease, especially in severe cases, due to intestinal obstruction from aganglionic segments, causing backup of intestinal contents. This leads to bilious emesis, particularly in infants, as fecal stasis increases intraluminal pressure, making vomiting an expected symptom in this condition.
Choice D reason: Ribbon-like stools are characteristic of Hirschsprung’s disease, resulting from narrowed, aganglionic colon segments that restrict fecal passage, producing thin, ribbon-shaped stools. This reflects the functional obstruction and chronic constipation caused by absent peristalsis, making it a key expected finding in affected children.
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