The nurse planning care for a child with nephrotic syndrome knows the classification of medication used to reduce edema in nephrotic syndrome is:

Steroids

Antibiotics

Fungicides

Analgesics

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Nephrotic syndrome causes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema due to reduced oncotic pressure. Steroids, like prednisone, reduce glomerular inflammation, decrease protein leakage, and restore oncotic pressure, alleviating edema. By targeting the underlying immune-mediated damage, steroids effectively reduce fluid retention, making them the primary medication class for managing edema in this condition.

Choice B reason: Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, which nephrotic syndrome patients are prone to due to immunoglobulin loss, but they do not address edema. Edema results from hypoalbuminemia, not infection. Antibiotics are used for complications like peritonitis, not for reducing fluid retention, making them ineffective for the primary management of nephrotic syndrome edema.

Choice C reason: Fungicides treat fungal infections, which are rare in nephrotic syndrome unless immunocompromised from prolonged steroid use. Edema in nephrotic syndrome stems from proteinuria and low albumin, not fungal pathology. Fungicides have no role in reducing fluid retention, making them irrelevant for addressing the primary pathophysiological mechanism of edema.

Choice D reason: Analgesics relieve pain, which is not a primary feature of nephrotic syndrome. Edema results from hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid shifts into interstitial spaces. Pain management does not address this mechanism or reduce fluid retention. Steroids target the root cause, making analgesics inappropriate for managing edema in nephrotic syndrome.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Droplet precautions are used for diseases like influenza, spread by large respiratory droplets over short distances. Varicella is transmitted via airborne particles and direct contact, requiring airborne precautions with negative pressure rooms to prevent viral spread, making droplet precautions insufficient for this highly contagious infection.

Choice B reason: Indirect transmission precautions are not a standard category; contact precautions address indirect spread via fomites. Varicella spreads primarily through airborne routes and direct contact, requiring airborne precautions with specialized ventilation. This option is incorrect, as it does not fully address varicella’s transmission modes in a hospital setting.

Choice C reason: Varicella (chickenpox) is highly contagious, spread via airborne viral particles and direct contact. Airborne precautions, including negative pressure rooms and N95 masks, prevent inhalation of infectious aerosols. This is essential in hospitals to protect patients and staff, making it the correct precaution for a child with active varicella.

Choice D reason: Contact precautions address direct or fomite transmission, as in MRSA. Varicella requires airborne precautions due to its primary spread via respiratory aerosols. While contact precautions are relevant, they are insufficient alone, as airborne transmission is the dominant mode, making this an incomplete precaution for varicella.

A. Polyuria B. Periorbital edema C. Orange-tinged urine D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Polyuria is not typical in nephrotic syndrome, which causes oliguria due to fluid retention from hypoalbuminemia and reduced oncotic pressure. Proteinuria leads to edema, not excessive urination. Polyuria occurs in conditions like diabetes insipidus, making this an incorrect expected finding for nephrotic syndrome’s pathophysiology.

Choice B reason: Periorbital edema is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, resulting from massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, reducing plasma oncotic pressure. This causes fluid leakage into interstitial spaces, particularly around the eyes, due to loose tissue. It’s an expected finding, reflecting the disease’s impact on fluid balance in affected children.

Choice C reason: Orange-tinged urine is not associated with nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria causes foamy urine, but color changes suggest hematuria or bilirubinuria, seen in other conditions like glomerulonephritis. Edema from fluid retention is more characteristic, making orange-tinged urine an incorrect expected manifestation in this condition.

Choice D reason: Hypertension may occur in nephrotic syndrome due to fluid overload or renin-angiotensin activation but is less common in minimal change disease, the most frequent pediatric form. Periorbital edema is a more consistent and early sign due to hypoalbuminemia, making it the primary expected manifestation over hypertension.

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The nurse planning care for a child with nephrotic syndrome knows the classification of medication used to reduce edema in nephrotic syndrome is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A hospitalized child has varicella. The nurse arranges for which type of infection precautions?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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