A nurse is reviewing a newborn's chart and notes that the mother is blood type O and the baby is blood type A. Which of the following statements about ABO incompatibility is correct?
ABO incompatibility occurs exclusively in Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive infants, leading to mild anemia but not jaundice, and is easily prevented with Rh immunoglobulin.
ABO incompatibility occurs when the mother's antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells, potentially causing mild hemolytic disease, jaundice. and anemia in the newborn, and it is more common than Rh incompatibility.
ABO incompatibility only occurs if the mother has received multiple blood transfusions during pregnancy, causing maternal antibodies to attack fetal red blood cells, and it rarely affects newborns.
ABO incompatibility occurs when the mother and infant have the same blood type, leading to severe hemolysis, kernicterus, and often requires immediate exchange transfusion.
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option is incorrect because it describes Rh incompatibility, not ABO incompatibility. ABO incompatibility does not depend on Rh status and cannot be prevented with Rh immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin). Additionally, ABO incompatibility commonly causes jaundice, not just mild anemia.
B. This statement is correct. ABO incompatibility occurs when maternal IgG antibodies (anti-A or anti-B), most commonly in a type O mother, cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells that carry A or B antigens. This can result in hemolysis, leading to neonatal jaundice and mild anemia. ABO incompatibility is more common than Rh incompatibility, although it is usually less severe.
C. This option is incorrect because ABO incompatibility does not require prior blood transfusions or sensitization. Mothers with type O blood naturally have anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which can affect the fetus even during a first pregnancy.
D. This statement is incorrect because ABO incompatibility occurs when the mother and infant have different blood types, not the same blood type. Severe hemolysis and kernicterus requiring exchange transfusion are more characteristic of severe Rh incompatibility, not typical ABO incompatibility, which is usually mild and managed with phototherapy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. This is incorrect. There is no safe level of illicit opioid use during pregnancy. Encouraging or implying safety could put both the mother and fetus at serious risk, including preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
B. Providing a supportive, nonjudgmental approach encourages the client to engage in care, disclose substance use, and access rehabilitation, counseling, and social services, which improves maternal and fetal outcomes.
C. Abrupt cessation of opioids in a dependent pregnant client can lead to maternal withdrawal, fetal distress, preterm labor, or miscarriage. Safe management involves medically supervised opioid replacement therapy, not sudden discontinuation.
D. Infants exposed to opioids in utero are at risk for NAS, which includes tremors, irritability, feeding difficulties, respiratory problems, and seizures. Early identification and intervention are essential.
E. Methadone or buprenorphine therapy is the standard of care for managing opioid dependence during pregnancy. These therapies stabilize maternal opioid levels, reduce illicit drug use, and improve pregnancy outcomes. Therapy should be medically supervised.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Referred pain occurs when pain is perceived in an area different from the site of the actual tissue damage (e.g., shoulder pain from gallbladder disease). In this scenario, the pain is localized to the joints, not referred, so this is incorrect.
B. Procedural pain is short-term pain associated with medical procedures such as injections, IV insertions, or surgeries. Persistent joint pain lasting 4 months is not related to a procedure, so this is incorrect.
C. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than 3 months or beyond the expected period of healing. This 13-year-old has had joint pain for 4 months, meeting the criteria for chronic pain. Chronic pain in juvenile arthritis can affect physical activity, school performance, and psychosocial well-being, and requires long-term management strategies.
D. Acute pain is short-term, sudden in onset, and usually associated with tissue injury or inflammation, typically resolving within days to weeks. Pain lasting 4 months exceeds the acute timeframe, so this is incorrect.
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