A nurse is reviewing risk factors for a client who had a myocardial infarction. Which of the following should the nurse consider to be a nonmodifiable risk factor?

The client's activity level

The client's stress level

The client's race

The client's diet

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The client's activity level: Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor because the client can increase exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle changes in activity level can significantly impact heart health and recovery after a myocardial infarction.

B. The client's stress level: Stress is a modifiable risk factor as clients can employ stress-reduction techniques, counseling, or lifestyle modifications to lower cardiovascular risk. Managing stress can improve both short-term and long-term cardiac outcomes.

C. The client's race: Race is a nonmodifiable risk factor because it is inherent and cannot be changed. Certain racial and ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease due to genetic, socioeconomic, and health access factors.

D. The client's diet: Diet is a modifiable risk factor since clients can adjust their nutritional intake to reduce cholesterol, blood pressure, and overall cardiovascular risk. Nutritional counseling is often part of post-MI care to improve outcomes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Instruct the client to flex their head in a chin-down position: Flexing the head forward helps close the airway and direct food toward the esophagus, reducing the risk of aspiration. This maneuver is a standard safety technique for clients with dysphagia during swallowing.

B. Place the food on the weaker side of the client's mouth: Food should be placed on the stronger side of the mouth to facilitate effective chewing and swallowing. Placing food on the weaker side increases the risk of aspiration and choking.

C. Thin the food to a liquid consistency prior to feeding: Thinner liquids are more difficult for clients with dysphagia to control and swallow safely. Thickened liquids are recommended to slow flow and improve swallow safety.

D. Place the client in a semi-Fowler's position while eating: While upright positioning is important, semi-Fowler’s (30–45 degrees) may not be sufficient. A full upright position (90 degrees) is preferred to optimize swallowing and reduce aspiration risk.

A. Heart rate B. Hallucinations C. Sleep pattern D. Skin turgor E. Hygiene

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Heart rate: A heart rate of 120/min is tachycardic and may indicate physiological stress, dehydration, or other medical complications. Immediate follow-up is necessary to assess underlying causes and prevent further cardiovascular compromise.

B. Hallucinations: The client is responding to unseen stimuli, which suggests possible psychosis or severe mania. Hallucinations pose a safety risk to the client and others and require urgent psychiatric and medical evaluation.

C. Sleep pattern: The client has not slept for 2 days, indicating severe sleep deprivation. Sleep loss can exacerbate agitation, impair judgment, and increase the risk of medical and psychiatric complications, making prompt intervention essential.

D. Skin turgor: Poor skin turgor indicates dehydration, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, and other acute complications. Immediate follow-up is needed to initiate fluid replacement and prevent further physiological deterioration.

E. Hygiene: Unclean hair and clothing reflect self-care deficits, but while important for overall well-being, hygiene issues do not require immediate intervention compared with vital signs, safety, and acute physiological concerns.

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A nurse is reviewing risk factors for a client who had a myocardial infarction. Which of the following should the nurse consider to be a nonmodifiable risk factor?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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