A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following electrolytes is most likely to be elevated in this client?

Sodium.

Potassium.

Calcium.

Magnesium.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Sodium is the most likely electrolyte to be elevated in a client who has fluid volume excess. This is because fluid volume excess, or hypervolemia, is caused by an increase in total body sodium content and an increase in total body water. Sodium is the main electrolyte that regulates fluid balance in the body. When sodium levels are high, the body retains water to dilute it. This leads to fluid overload and edema. Therefore, a client with fluid volume excess would have high sodium levels in their blood.

Choice B reason:

Potassium is not likely to be elevated in a client who has fluid volume excess. Potassium is mainly found inside the cells, and its levels are regulated by the kidneys. Potassium levels can be affected by acid-base balance, insulin, aldosterone, and cell damage. A client with fluid volume excess may have low potassium levels due to dilution or increased excretion by the kidneys.

Choice C reason:

Calcium is not likely to be elevated in a client who has fluid volume excess. Calcium is mostly bound to albumin, a protein in the blood. Calcium levels can be affected by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, phosphate, and albumin levels. A client with fluid volume excess may have low calcium levels due to dilution or low albumin levels.

Choice D reason:

Magnesium is not likely to be elevated in a client who has fluid volume excess. Magnesium is mainly found inside the cells and bones, and its levels are regulated by the kidneys. Magnesium levels can be affected by renal function, intestinal absorption, hormonal factors, and medications. A client with fluid volume excess may have low magnesium levels due to dilution or increased excretion by the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dilute the medication in normal saline solution. This is incorrect because magnesium sulfate should be diluted in lactated Ringer's solution, not normal saline solution.
Choice B reason:
Infuse the medication over 10 minutes. This is incorrect because magnesium sulfate should be infused over 20 to 30 minutes.
Choice C reason:
Monitor the client's blood pressure every 15 minutes. This is incorrect because monitoring the client's blood pressure every 15 minutes is not enough to prevent or detect complications of preeclampsia or magnesium sulfate therapy. The nurse should also monitor the client's respiratory rate, deep tendon reflexes, urine output, and serum magnesium levels.
Choice D reason:
Have calcium gluconate available as an antidote. This is correct because calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium toxicity, which can cause respiratory depression, cardiac arrest, and coma. Magnesium toxicity can occur if the client has renal impairment, receives too high a dose, or has a low urine output. The nurse should have calcium gluconate readily available and administer it intravenously if signs of magnesium toxicity occur.

A. "I will avoid eating dairy products like milk and cheese.” B. "I will use salt substitutes instead of regular salt.” C. "I will drink orange juice instead of grapefruit juice.” D. "I will eat more fruits and vegetables like bananas and spinach."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Dairy products like milk and cheese are high in phosphorus, which can cause bone loss and cardiovascular problems in clients who have chronic kidney disease. Therefore, avoiding or limiting these foods can help reduce phosphate intake and prevent complications.

Choice B reason:

Salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can accumulate in the blood and cause hyperkalemia in clients who have chronic kidney disease. Hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Therefore, using salt substitutes instead of regular salt is not a good idea.

Choice C reason:

Orange juice and grapefruit juice are both high in potassium, which can cause hyperkalemia in clients who have chronic kidney disease. Therefore, drinking either of these juices does not indicate an understanding of the importance of limiting phosphate intake.

Choice D reason:

Fruits and vegetables like bananas and spinach are also high in potassium, which can cause hyperkalemia in clients who have chronic kidney disease. Moreover, some fruits and vegetables are also high in oxalate, which can increase the risk of kidney stones. Therefore, eating more fruits and vegetables like bananas and spinach does not indicate an understanding of the importance of limiting phosphate intake.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following electrolytes is most likely to be elevated in this client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer magnesium sulfate intravenously to a client who has preeclampsia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about the importance of limiting phosphate intake. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following electrolytes is most likely to be elevated in this client?