A nurse is teaching a group of first-time parents. When reviewing the facts of intimate partner violence (IPV), which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching presentation?

Choice A rationale
The mother’s size does not significantly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens are substances that cause congenital abnormalities in a developing fetus, and their impact is more related to the timing, duration, and type of exposure rather than the mother’s physical characteristics.
Choice B rationale
The timing and duration of exposure are critical factors in determining the effects of teratogen exposure. Teratogens can cause the most harm during specific periods of fetal development, particularly during the first trimester when organogenesis occurs. The duration of exposure also influences the severity of the effects, with prolonged exposure leading to more significant developmental issues.
Choice C rationale
The type of teratogen is also important, as different teratogens can cause different types of congenital abnormalities. For example, alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, while certain medications can cause neural tube defects. However, the timing and duration of exposure are generally considered more critical factors.
Choice D rationale
The father’s health does not directly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens affect the fetus through the mother’s exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy.

Choice A rationale
Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is too little amniotic fluid. An amniotic fluid volume of 1900 mL is above the normal range, indicating that oligohydramnios is not present.
Choice B rationale
Polyhydramnios is the condition of having too much amniotic fluid. The normal range for amniotic fluid volume at 34 weeks gestation is between 800 and 1000 mL. An estimated volume of 1900 mL indicates polyhydramnios, which can be associated with various maternal and fetal conditions.
Choice C rationale
A follow-up glucose test is not directly indicated by the finding of polyhydramnios. While polyhydramnios can be associated with gestational diabetes, the decision to perform a glucose test would depend on other clinical factors and the patient’s history.
Choice D rationale
An amniotic fluid volume of 1900 mL is above the normal range for 34 weeks gestation, so it is not considered normal for gestational age. This finding indicates polyhydramnios rather than a normal fluid level.