A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles. The nurse should include that working to not cause harm to a client, while trying to achieve the best possible outcome, is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
Nonmaleficence.
Fidelity.
Justice.
Autonomy.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
This principle focuses on the fundamental commitment to do no harm. In clinical practice, this requires nurses to avoid negligent actions and intentionally harmful behaviors. When striving for the best outcome while actively preventing injury or suffering, the nurse adheres to this ethical duty. It involves weighing the risks and benefits of interventions to ensure the client remains safe from avoidable complications or negative consequences during their medical treatment process.
Choice B rationale
This ethical concept refers to the obligation to be faithful and keep promises made to clients. It centers on the professional duty to remain loyal and maintain the nurse-patient relationship through trust and reliability. While important for therapeutic communication and professional integrity, it does not specifically address the balance of preventing harm while seeking positive outcomes. Fidelity ensures that the nurse follows through on commitments and maintains confidentiality within the legal and ethical healthcare framework.
Choice C rationale
This principle emphasizes fairness and equality in the distribution of healthcare resources and the treatment of all individuals. It requires that every patient receives the same quality of care regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, or personal background. Justice ensures that healthcare burdens and benefits are shared equitably among the population. It does not primarily focus on the avoidance of individual harm, but rather on the objective and impartial allocation of medical services.
Choice D rationale
This concept acknowledges the right of patients to make their own independent decisions regarding their healthcare and bodily integrity. It respects the individual's freedom of choice and requires informed consent before procedures or treatments are performed. While a cornerstone of modern ethics, it pertains to the client's self-determination rather than the nurse's specific duty to minimize harm while pursuing beneficial clinical results. Autonomy empowers the patient to refuse or accept recommended medical interventions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A white blood cell count of 22,000 per cubic millimeter significantly exceeds the normal reference range, which is typically 5,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter. This elevation, known as leukocytosis, is a primary physiological response to infection as the body increases production of leukocytes to fight invading pathogens. High counts often indicate an active inflammatory process or bacterial infection, requiring further diagnostic investigation to determine the specific cause and site of the immunological reaction.
Choice B rationale
A platelet count of 200,000 per cubic millimeter falls within the standard normal reference range of 150,000 to 400,000 per cubic millimeter. Platelets are essential for blood clotting and hemostasis, but this specific value does not provide evidence of an infectious process. While extremely high or low platelet counts can occur in severe sepsis or certain infections, a result of 200,000 is considered a healthy finding and does not indicate an underlying illness.
Choice C rationale
A hemoglobin level of 15 grams per deciliter is within the normal range for adults, which is generally 12 to 16 grams per deciliter for females and 14 to 18 grams per deciliter for males. Hemoglobin measures the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. While chronic infections can eventually lead to anemia of chronic disease, a normal hemoglobin level of 15 does not suggest the presence of an acute or systemic infection in the client.
Choice D rationale
A creatine kinase level of 75 units per liter is within the normal range, typically between 22 and 198 units per liter depending on the laboratory. Creatine kinase is an enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles, and its elevation usually indicates muscle damage or myocardial infarction. Since this value is normal, it does not indicate muscle injury or an infectious process, which would typically manifest through other specific biomarkers.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While many healthcare surveys use sampling methods to gather data, the Press Ganey survey process is more focused on the comprehensive collection of patient experiences to drive quality improvement. Telling a patient it is only for a "sample group" does not accurately reflect the patient's role in the feedback loop. The primary focus for the patient should be the purpose of the data collection rather than the statistical methodology.
Choice B rationale
The Press Ganey survey can be administered through various modalities, including mail, email, or text messages. Stating that the client will definitely receive a printed survey in the mail is too specific and may be incorrect, as many facilities have moved to digital formats to increase response rates and efficiency. The client's understanding should focus on the content of the survey rather than just the delivery method.
Choice C rationale
Although some satisfaction surveys are conducted via telephone, the Press Ganey model often utilizes written or electronic questionnaires. Instructing a patient to expect a phone call may lead to confusion or missed opportunities for feedback if the survey arrives via a different medium. The client needs to understand that they will be asked for their input, but the medium can vary based on hospital policy.
Choice D rationale
The Press Ganey survey is a standardized tool used by healthcare organizations to measure patient satisfaction and the quality of care received. It covers various aspects, including communication with nurses, the cleanliness of the environment, and pain management. Answering that the survey asks about satisfaction shows the client understands the purpose of the tool is to provide feedback on their personal experience during the hospital stay.
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