A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about pain. Which of the following is an example of acute pain?
Peripheral neuropathy causes progressive, persistent pain that lasts longer than 6 months.
Fibromyalgia causes a progressive, persistent pain that lasts longer than 6 months.
Rheumatoid arthritis causes progressive, persistent pain that lasts longer than 6 months.
A surgical incision causes anticipated pain that lasts less than 6 months.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Peripheral neuropathy is a classic example of chronic or neuropathic pain. It involves damage to the nerves, often resulting from conditions like diabetes, and the pain typically lasts for months or years. Because the pain is persistent and persists well beyond the expected time for tissue healing, it does not meet the criteria for acute pain, which is characterized by a limited duration and a clear cause.
Choice B rationale
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness. The pain associated with fibromyalgia is long-term and often lacks a specific, localized injury that can be cured. Since the symptoms persist for significantly longer than six months and involve complex central sensitization, it is categorized as a chronic condition rather than an acute episode of pain following a specific injury.
Choice C rationale
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes persistent inflammation of the joints. The resulting pain is long-standing and progressive, often requiring lifelong management. While clients may experience acute "flares," the underlying disease process and the pain it generates are considered chronic because they do not resolve within a short timeframe and are associated with permanent structural changes in the body.
Choice D rationale
Acute pain is typically sudden in onset and serves as a protective mechanism, signaling actual or potential tissue damage. A surgical incision causes acute pain because the duration is limited and it predictably subsides as the physical wound heals. Generally, pain that lasts less than six months and is directly related to a specific trauma or procedure is classified as acute, allowing for a focused treatment plan.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Urbanization contributes to changes in lifestyle, such as increased sedentary behavior and consumption of processed foods, but it is considered a secondary factor rather than the primary driver of chronic disease. While city living can limit access to outdoor exercise and increase exposure to noise and stress, it does not have as direct a physiological impact on the development of metabolic syndromes as other lifestyle factors.
Choice B rationale
Environmental pollution is a significant concern for respiratory and cardiovascular health, specifically regarding particulate matter and chemical toxins. While long-term exposure can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or certain cancers, it is not the most significant contributor to the global rise in chronic conditions. The systemic impact of pollution is generally outweighed by the metabolic consequences associated with poor nutrition and physical inactivity.
Choice C rationale
Apathy or lack of interest in health maintenance can lead to poor adherence to screenings and lifestyle modifications. While psychological factors and health literacy play a role in how a person manages their health, apathy is a behavioral trait rather than a direct physiological cause of disease. It contributes to the progression of conditions but is not the primary factor responsible for the increasing incidence.
Choice D rationale
Obesity is the leading contributor to the rise in chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Excessive adipose tissue acts as an active endocrine organ, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to systemic insulin resistance and vascular damage. The global shift toward high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles has made obesity a pandemic that directly fuels the prevalence of long-term metabolic illnesses.
Correct Answer is ["7.5 mL"]
Explanation
Step 1 is 60 mg ÷ 40 mg/5 mL.
Step 2 is (60 mg ÷ 40 mg) × 5 mL.
Step 3 is 1.5 × 5 mL.
Step 4 is 7.5. The nurse should administer 7.5 mL. .
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