A nurse is teaching a parent about normal infant growth and development. Which statement by the parent indicates they can apply developmental principles correctly to their own child?

"All babies reach milestones at the exact same age"

"Once my baby starts walking, fine motor skills will develop automatically"

"Genetics don't influence my baby's growth"

"My baby's growth and skills follow predictable patterns, but may happen at different times"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Developmental milestones follow predictable sequences, but the exact age at which each child reaches them can vary. Expecting all babies to reach milestones at the same age is unrealistic and does not reflect normal variation in growth and development.

B. While gross motor skills like walking often develop alongside fine motor skills, fine motor development does not occur automatically. It requires practice, coordination, and maturation of muscles and nervous system pathways.

C. Genetics play a significant role in growth, influencing height, weight, body proportions, and sometimes developmental timing. Denying the influence of genetics misrepresents a key factor in growth and development.

D. This statement reflects an accurate understanding of developmental principles. Growth and developmental milestones occur in a predictable sequence (cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and simple-to-complex patterns), but the timing can vary for each child. This acknowledges normal individual differences while recognizing typical developmental patterns.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. EMLA cream (a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) applied 30–60 minutes before a procedure under an occlusive dressing provides effective topical anesthesia, reducing pain at the venipuncture site. This is evidence-based practice for minimizing procedural pain in children and is particularly effective for needle insertions.

B. Administering a sugar solution (sucrose) is effective primarily for infants under 12 months and is most beneficial when given before or during painful procedures, not after. In a 5-year-old, it has minimal analgesic effect.

C. Applying a cold pack can provide some temporary numbing, but it is less effective than topical anesthetic creams for reducing pain during venipuncture. Additionally, short-duration cold application may not penetrate deep enough to anesthetize the vein adequately.

D. Distraction with toys can reduce anxiety and perceived pain but does not directly numb the insertion site. While helpful as a complementary measure, it is not as effective as topical anesthesia in reducing procedural pain.

A. Repeat the 1-hour test tomorrow B. Schedule a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test for diagnostic confirmation C. Begin insulin therapy immediately D. Reassure the patient that the result is normal; no further testing is needed

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Repeating the screening test is not standard practice. A screening value above the threshold requires a diagnostic test, not a repeat screening.

B. The 1-hour 50-gram glucose challenge is a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A blood glucose level of ≥140 mg/dL (some guidelines use 130 mg/dL) indicates a positive screen. The next step is a 3-hour, 100-gram OGTT, which is the diagnostic test to confirm or rule out GDM.

C. Initiating insulin therapy is premature. Diagnosis of GDM requires confirmation by the 3-hour OGTT. Treatment decisions, including diet, exercise, or insulin therapy, are based on confirmed diagnosis and blood glucose patterns.

D. A 1-hour glucose level of 150 mg/dL exceeds the normal screening threshold, so further diagnostic testing is required. Reassuring without follow-up could miss a diagnosis of GDM, increasing maternal and fetal risks.

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A nurse is teaching a parent about normal infant growth and development. Which statement by the parent indicates they can apply developmental principles correctly to their own child?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 5-year-old child is scheduled for a venipuncture and is anxious about pain. Which intervention BEST reduces procedural pain at the insertion site?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A 26-year-old pregnant woman at 26 weeks gestation is undergoing a 1-hour glucose challenge screening. She drinks the 50-gram glucose solution, and her blood glucose is measured 1 hour later at 150 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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