A 13-year-old with juvenile arthritis has been experiencing persistent joint pain for the past 4 months. Which statement BEST defines this type of pain?
Referred pain
Procedural pain
Chronic pain
Acute pain
The Correct Answer is C
A. Referred pain occurs when pain is perceived in an area different from the site of the actual tissue damage (e.g., shoulder pain from gallbladder disease). In this scenario, the pain is localized to the joints, not referred, so this is incorrect.
B. Procedural pain is short-term pain associated with medical procedures such as injections, IV insertions, or surgeries. Persistent joint pain lasting 4 months is not related to a procedure, so this is incorrect.
C. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than 3 months or beyond the expected period of healing. This 13-year-old has had joint pain for 4 months, meeting the criteria for chronic pain. Chronic pain in juvenile arthritis can affect physical activity, school performance, and psychosocial well-being, and requires long-term management strategies.
D. Acute pain is short-term, sudden in onset, and usually associated with tissue injury or inflammation, typically resolving within days to weeks. Pain lasting 4 months exceeds the acute timeframe, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Developmental milestones follow predictable sequences, but the exact age at which each child reaches them can vary. Expecting all babies to reach milestones at the same age is unrealistic and does not reflect normal variation in growth and development.
B. While gross motor skills like walking often develop alongside fine motor skills, fine motor development does not occur automatically. It requires practice, coordination, and maturation of muscles and nervous system pathways.
C. Genetics play a significant role in growth, influencing height, weight, body proportions, and sometimes developmental timing. Denying the influence of genetics misrepresents a key factor in growth and development.
D. This statement reflects an accurate understanding of developmental principles. Growth and developmental milestones occur in a predictable sequence (cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and simple-to-complex patterns), but the timing can vary for each child. This acknowledges normal individual differences while recognizing typical developmental patterns.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This scale uses a series of faces ranging from a happy face (no pain) to a crying face (worst pain) and requires the child to identify which face best represents their pain level. It is suitable for children approximately 3 years and older who are verbal and cognitively able to associate facial expressions with their own pain. A sedated, nonverbal 2-year-old cannot reliably communicate using this method, making it inappropriate.
B. This scale asks the patient to rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10. It requires verbal communication, abstract thinking, and the ability to quantify pain, which toddlers, especially a sedated 2-year-old, are unable to do. Therefore, this scale is not suitable in this context.
C. FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is specifically designed for infants and young children (typically 2 months to 7 years) who are nonverbal or unable to self-report pain. It relies on observable behaviors, making it the most appropriate tool for a sedated postoperative toddler.
D. This scale asks the patient to mark a point on a line that represents their pain intensity from “no pain” to “worst pain.” It requires cognitive understanding, fine motor skills, and self-reporting, making it inappropriate for a sedated toddler who cannot comprehend or mark the scale.
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