A nurse is working in a walk-in clinic. She has been alerted that there's an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which client entering the clinic today is most likely to have TB?
A 16-year old female high school student
A 54 year old businessman
A 54 year old businessman
A 43-year old homeless man with a history of alcoholism
The Correct Answer is D
A. A 16-year-old female high school student: While TB can affect people of any age, high school students are generally not considered a high-risk group unless they have known exposure or immunosuppression. Routine exposure in school settings is relatively low.
B. A 54-year-old businessman: This client may be at risk depending on travel history or comorbidities, but business professionals typically have better access to healthcare and housing, reducing their baseline risk compared to other populations.
C. A 54-year-old businessman: Unless other risk factors are specified (e.g., foreign travel, immunocompromise), this demographic does not represent a high-risk group for TB in an outbreak situation.
D. A 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism: This client falls into a high-risk category for TB due to poor living conditions, potential malnutrition, and compromised immunity related to alcoholism. Homelessness and substance use are well-established risk factors for tuberculosis, especially during outbreaks.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium gluconate:Calcium gluconate is used to treat conditions such as hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose. It has no role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be useful in this scenario.
B. Vitamin K:Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin), not heparin. It promotes the synthesis of clotting factors inhibited by warfarin but does not affect the mechanism of action of heparin.
C. Protamine sulfate:Protamine sulfate binds to heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect, making it the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It is used to reverse excessive anticoagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding complications.
D. Potassium chloride:Potassium chloride is used to treat or prevent hypokalemia. It has no antidotal properties for anticoagulants and would not be relevant in managing heparin toxicity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Antihistamine:Antihistamines are the first-line treatment for allergic reactions such as itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and coughing caused by allergens like grass pollen. They block histamine, the chemical responsible for allergic symptoms, providing effective relief in seasonal allergies.
B. Antitussive:Antitussives suppress coughing and are used for dry, nonproductive coughs. They do not address the underlying allergic reaction or associated symptoms like sneezing and itchy eyes, making them inappropriate for this case.
C. Decongestant:Decongestants relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. While they may help with stuffiness, they do not treat the histamine-mediated symptoms such as watery eyes or sneezing effectively.
D. Expectorant:Expectorants thin mucus to help with productive coughs. They are not helpful in treating allergic reactions and will not relieve the patient's symptoms caused by grass allergy exposure.
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