A nurse recognizes which physical assessment finding commonly seen in young children with cerebral palsy?

A. A series of casts will be made for the infant soon after birth. The Ponseti method, the gold standard for treating clubfoot, involves gentle manipulation of the foot and application of a series of plaster casts that are changed weekly. This treatment usually begins shortly after birth to take advantage of the newborn’s soft tissues and bones, which are more easily repositioned.
B. An orthotic brace at 6 months of age is not the initial treatment. Bracing is used later in the treatment process after the foot has been corrected with casting to maintain alignment and prevent relapse.
C. Surgery performed in utero is not a treatment option for clubfoot. In severe cases unresponsive to casting, surgery may be required after birth, but intrauterine correction is not standard practice.
D. Monitoring and physical therapy alone are not sufficient to correct clubfoot. Without casting or surgical intervention, the deformity will persist and lead to long-term mobility issues.

A. Enterococcus can cause UTIs, especially in hospitalized or catheterized patients, but it is not the most common cause in otherwise healthy children.
B. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is by far the most common pathogen responsible for pediatric urinary tract infections. It accounts for approximately 80–90% of all UTIs in children. The bacteria originate from the gastrointestinal tract and ascend through the urethra into the urinary tract, making it the leading cause.
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less common and usually associated with complicated UTIs, such as those in children with structural abnormalities, indwelling catheters, or immunocompromised states.
D. Klebsiella can also cause UTIs but occurs far less frequently compared to E. coli.