A nurse takes an adult patient's blood pressure and determines it to be normal. Which of the following what would be considered a normal blood pressure?
systolic between 140 and 150 mm Hg
systolic of 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
systolic less than 100 mm Hg regardless of diastolic pressure
systolic greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg
The Correct Answer is B
A. Systolic between 140 and 150 mm Hg: Systolic readings in this range meet the criteria for hypertension rather than normal blood pressure. Persistent values at or above 140 mm Hg indicate increased cardiovascular risk.
B. Systolic of 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg: Normal adult blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure around 120 mm Hg with a diastolic pressure below 80 mm Hg. These values indicate effective cardiac output and vascular resistance. This range is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular complications.
C. Systolic less than 100 mm Hg regardless of diastolic pressure: A systolic pressure below 100 mm Hg may indicate hypotension, especially if symptomatic. Normal blood pressure requires consideration of both systolic and diastolic values. Low systolic pressure alone does not define normal blood pressure.
D. Systolic greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg: These values represent stage 2 hypertension and significantly elevate the risk for cardiovascular and renal complications. They are well above normal limits.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Osteophytes and degenerated cartilage: In osteoarthritis, the articular cartilage progressively degenerates, and bone spurs (osteophytes) develop at joint margins. These structural changes create mechanical obstruction and pain, directly limiting joint movement and decreasing range of motion.
B. Wider joint space: Osteoarthritis is characterized by narrowing, not widening, of the joint space due to cartilage loss. A wider joint space would not contribute to decreased mobility and is not a feature of this condition.
C. Inflammation of compact bone: Osteoarthritis primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bone rather than causing inflammation of compact bone. While subchondral changes can occur, inflammation of compact bone is not the main factor reducing range of motion.
D. Decrease in synovial fluid: Synovial fluid may become less effective due to cartilage damage, but its volume usually does not decrease significantly in osteoarthritis. Limited joint movement is more related to cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation rather than fluid reduction.
E. Fibrosis of joint capsule: Joint capsule fibrosis can occur in late-stage osteoarthritis, contributing to stiffness, but the initial and primary cause of decreased range of motion is cartilage loss and osteophyte formation. Fibrosis is a secondary change rather than the primary mechanism.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increased risk of colon cancer: Chronic inflammation of the colon in ulcerative colitis predisposes clients to dysplasia and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. The risk increases with disease duration and extent, making regular surveillance essential.
B. Malabsorption in small intestine: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum. Malabsorption is more characteristic of Crohn’s disease, which can involve the small intestine and impair nutrient absorption.
C. Development of fistulas: Fistula formation is common in Crohn’s disease due to transmural inflammation, whereas ulcerative colitis involves only the mucosa and submucosa, making fistulas rare.
D. Skip lesions: Skip lesions, or patchy areas of inflammation separated by normal tissue, are typical of Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with continuous inflammation starting from the rectum, not skip lesions.
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