Which term below can be used to describe a freely mobile joint of the skeleton?
amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis
symphysis
anarthrosis
diarthrosis
The Correct Answer is E
A. Amphiarthrosis: Amphiarthroses are joints that allow limited movement, such as the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis. They provide stability while permitting slight mobility but are not freely movable.
B. Synarthrosis: Synarthroses are immovable joints, including sutures of the skull. They are designed to provide structural stability rather than allow motion.
C. Symphysis: A symphysis is a type of amphiarthrosis in which bones are connected by fibrocartilage, allowing limited movement. Examples include the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.
D. Anarthrosis: Anarthrosis is a term sometimes used to describe a joint with no movement, essentially immobile. It is not applicable to freely mobile joints.
E. Diarthrosis: Diarthroses are freely movable synovial joints, such as the shoulder, hip, and knee. They allow a wide range of motion in one or more planes and are the most common type of joint in the appendicular skeleton.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Weight gain and cold intolerance: These manifestations are typical of hypothyroidism rather than Graves disease. Hypothyroid clients often experience decreased metabolism, leading to weight gain and intolerance to cold temperatures, which contrasts with the hypermetabolic state of Graves disease.
B. Slow heart rate and rash: Bradycardia is associated with hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. A rash is not a typical presenting feature of Graves disease. These findings do not align with the expected clinical picture of a client with excessive thyroid hormone activity.
C. Skin hot and moist and rapid heart rate: Graves disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism, which increases metabolism and sympathetic nervous system activity. Clients commonly present with warm, moist skin and tachycardia. Other expected findings include weight loss, heat intolerance, and tremors.
D. Constipation and confusion: Constipation is more common in hypothyroidism due to slowed gastrointestinal motility. Confusion may occur in severe thyroid storm or other metabolic disturbances but is not a typical initial manifestation of Graves disease.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels: Excess gastrin production can lead to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare cause of peptic ulcers. While it can increase acid secretion, it is not the most common cause of typical peptic ulcer disease.
B. Infections of H. pylori and increased secretions of HCl and pepsin: Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. The bacteria damage the mucosal lining, and combined with increased gastric acid (HCl) and pepsin secretion, this leads to ulcer formation.
C. Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement: Reduced vagal stimulation would decrease acid secretion rather than increase it, and vascular engorgement is not a primary mechanism in peptic ulcer formation.
D. Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux: Bile reflux can contribute to gastric irritation but is not a primary cause of peptic ulcer disease. High ammonia levels are not a recognized factor in ulcer formation, making this an unlikely explanation.
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