A parent asks the nurse why their newborn has a congenital deformity. Which is the best response by the nurse to explain the cause related to fetal development?
"Deformities are usually caused by events happening during labor and delivery, not during pregnancy."
"Genetics is the only reason babies are born with deformities, so environmental factors are not involved."
"Most major organ development occurs early in pregnancy, between weeks 3 and 8, so exposure to harmful substances during that time may have caused the deformity."
"Deformities occur because organs develop throughout the entire pregnancy, so problems can happen anytime."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Deformities are usually caused by events happening during labor and delivery, not during pregnancy.": Most congenital deformities originate during embryonic or fetal development, not during the birth process. Labor complications may cause trauma, but they do not typically result in structural malformations.
B. "Genetics is the only reason babies are born with deformities, so environmental factors are not involved.": Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to congenital anomalies. Teratogens such as certain drugs, infections, or radiation can significantly impact fetal development, especially during critical organ formation periods.
C. "Most major organ development occurs early in pregnancy, between weeks 3 and 8, so exposure to harmful substances during that time may have caused the deformity.": The embryonic period, from weeks 3 to 8, is when organogenesis occurs. During this stage, teratogenic exposure can cause structural malformations.
D. "Deformities occur because organs develop throughout the entire pregnancy, so problems can happen anytime.": Although functional maturation continues throughout pregnancy, structural organ development mainly occurs in the first trimester. Therefore, the risk for major congenital malformations is greatest early in gestation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. The fetus is in engagement, and further descent is expected as labor progresses: A fetal station of 0 means the presenting part is at the level of the ischial spines, confirming engagement. Continued descent is expected as contractions increase in strength and frequency.
B. Immediate provider notification is not required, but continued monitoring is necessary for signs of labor progression: The findings reflect normal active labor progress. The nurse should continue monitoring maternal and fetal status, documenting changes, and supporting the client through ongoing cervical dilation and fetal descent.
C. Although the patient is not yet in transition, contractions are likely becoming more intense and closer together: At 6 cm dilation, the client is in the active phase of labor, where contractions typically occur every 3–5 minutes and increase in intensity as the cervix continues to dilate toward the transition phase.
D. Fetal station indicates the presenting part is at the level of the ischial spines: A station of 0 identifies the presenting fetal part as aligned with the ischial spines, representing the narrowest part of the maternal pelvis and confirming engagement.
E. Complete effacement with 6 cm dilation indicates favorable cervical change and progression: Full effacement and progressive dilation are reassuring signs that the cervix is responding effectively to uterine contractions and that labor is advancing normally.
F. The cervix is fully dilated and the patient will begin pushing soon: Full dilation is 10 cm, not 6 cm. The client is still in the active phase and should not begin pushing until complete dilation is achieved to prevent cervical trauma or fatigue.
Correct Answer is ["G5 P2"]
Explanation
G (Gravida) refers to the total number of pregnancies, including the current one, regardless of outcome. In this case, she has had two previous live births, two miscarriages, and is currently pregnant, totaling 5 pregnancies.
P (Para) counts pregnancies that reached 20 weeks gestation or more, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or stillborn. Here, one child was born at 39 weeks and one at 30 weeks, so she has had 2 pregnancies reaching viability. Miscarriages before 20 weeks are not included in para.
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