A patient has presented to the ER with signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding and a history of peptic ulcers. From the categories below, which drug should the nurse expect the doctor to order?
Osmotic laxative
Proton pump inhibitor
Antihistamine/Anticholinergic
Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist
The Correct Answer is B
A. Osmotic laxative: Osmotic laxatives are used to relieve constipation by drawing water into the intestines. They have no role in treating gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcers and would not address the underlying cause of the patient’s symptoms.
B. Proton pump inhibitor: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid secretion, promoting healing of peptic ulcers and preventing further irritation or bleeding. PPIs are first-line therapy for patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to ulcer disease.
C. Antihistamine/Anticholinergic: Antihistamines or anticholinergics are sometimes used to reduce gastric acid secretion but are far less effective than PPIs for ulcer healing or stopping active bleeding. They do not provide sufficient acid suppression in acute GI bleed scenarios.
D. Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist: Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists (e.g., ondansetron) are antiemetics used to control nausea and vomiting. They do not treat ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding and would not address the patient’s primary clinical concern.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Anemia: Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement used to treat iron-deficiency anemia. It provides the iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis, which increases red blood cell production and improves oxygen-carrying capacity.
B. Hypertension: Ferrous sulfate has no effect on blood pressure. Antihypertensive medications, such as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers, are used to manage hypertension.
C. Hyperthyroidism: Ferrous sulfate does not treat thyroid disorders. Hyperthyroidism requires medications that regulate thyroid hormone production, such as methimazole or propylthiouracil.
D. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Ferrous sulfate is not indicated for autoimmune or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics are typically used instead.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Clopidogrel:Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent thrombotic events, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. It does not lower LDL cholesterol or triglycerides and is not a first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia.
B. Simvastatin:Simvastatin is a statin that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Statins are first-line therapy for patients with elevated LDL and triglycerides because they effectively lower LDL levels, modestly reduce triglycerides, and reduce cardiovascular risk.
C. Lisinopril:Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to manage hypertension and heart failure. It does not significantly affect lipid levels and is not indicated as a primary treatment for hyperlipidemia.
D. Hydrochlorothiazide:Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema. It does not have a direct effect on LDL or triglyceride levels and is not used to manage hyperlipidemia.
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